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docs/admin_docs_versioned_docs/version-6.1.0/security/securing_superset.mdx
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: Securing Your Superset Installation for Production
sidebar_position: 3
---
> *This guide applies to Apache Superset version 4.0 and later and is an evolving set of best practices that administrators should adapt to their specific deployment architecture.*
> _This guide applies to Apache Superset version 4.0 and later and is an evolving set of best practices that administrators should adapt to their specific deployment architecture._
The default Apache Superset configuration is optimized for ease of use and development, not for security. For any production deployment, it is **critical** that you review and apply the following security configurations to harden your instance, protect user data, and prevent unauthorized access.
@@ -13,25 +13,25 @@ This guide provides a comprehensive checklist of essential security configuratio
Running Superset without HTTPS (TLS) is not secure. Without it, all network traffic—including user credentials, session tokens, and sensitive data—is sent in cleartext and can be easily intercepted.
* **Use a Reverse Proxy:** Your Superset instance should always be deployed behind a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx, Traefik) or a load balancer (e.g., AWS ALB, Google Cloud Load Balancer) that is configured to handle HTTPS termination.
* **Enforce Modern TLS:** Configure your proxy to enforce TLS 1.2 or higher with strong, industry-standard cipher suites.
* **Implement HSTS:** Use the HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) header to ensure browsers only connect to your Superset instance over HTTPS. This can be configured in your reverse proxy or within Superset's Talisman settings.
- **Use a Reverse Proxy:** Your Superset instance should always be deployed behind a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx, Traefik) or a load balancer (e.g., AWS ALB, Google Cloud Load Balancer) that is configured to handle HTTPS termination.
- **Enforce Modern TLS:** Configure your proxy to enforce TLS 1.2 or higher with strong, industry-standard cipher suites.
- **Implement HSTS:** Use the HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) header to ensure browsers only connect to your Superset instance over HTTPS. This can be configured in your reverse proxy or within Superset's Talisman settings.
### **`SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` Management (CRITICAL)**
This is the most critical security setting for your Superset instance. It is used to sign all session cookies and encrypt sensitive information in the metadata database, such as database connection credentials.
* **Generate a Unique, Strong Key:** A unique key must be generated for every Superset instance. Use a cryptographically secure method to create it.
```bash
# Example using openssl to generate a strong key
openssl rand -base64 42
```
* **Store the Key Securely:** The key must be kept confidential. The recommended approach is to store it as an environment variable or in a secrets management system (e.g., AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault). **Do not hardcode the key in `superset_config.py` or commit it to version control.**
```python
# In superset_config.py
import os
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY')
```
- **Generate a Unique, Strong Key:** A unique key must be generated for every Superset instance. Use a cryptographically secure method to create it.
```bash
# Example using openssl to generate a strong key
openssl rand -base64 42
```
- **Store the Key Securely:** The key must be kept confidential. The recommended approach is to store it as an environment variable or in a secrets management system (e.g., AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault). **Do not hardcode the key in `superset_config.py` or commit it to version control.**
```python
# In superset_config.py
import os
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY')
```
> #### ⚠️ Warning: Your `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` Must Be Unique
>
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ SESSION_USE_SIGNER = True
#### **Configure Session Lifetime and Cookie Security Flags**
This is mandatory for *all* deployments, whether stateless or server-side.
This is mandatory for _all_ deployments, whether stateless or server-side.
```python
# superset_config.py
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE = 'Lax' # Provide protection against CSRF attacks
```
> ##### Note on iFrame Embedding and `SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE`
>The recommended default setting `'Lax'` provides good CSRF protection for most use cases. However, if you need to embed Superset dashboards into other applications using an iFrame, you will need to change this setting to `'None'`.
>
> The recommended default setting `'Lax'` provides good CSRF protection for most use cases. However, if you need to embed Superset dashboards into other applications using an iFrame, you will need to change this setting to `'None'`.
SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE = 'None'
@@ -102,9 +103,9 @@ Setting SameSite to 'None' requires that SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE is also set to Tr
While Superset's built-in database authentication is convenient, for production it's highly recommended to integrate with an enterprise-grade identity provider (IdP).
* **Use an Enterprise IdP:** Configure authentication via OAuth or LDAP to leverage your organization's existing identity management system. This provides benefits like Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and centralized user provisioning/deprovisioning.
* **Principle of Least Privilege:** Assign users to the most restrictive roles necessary for their jobs. Avoid over-provisioning users with Admin or Alpha roles, and ensure row-level security is applied where appropriate.
* **Admin Accounts:** Delete or disable the default admin user after a new administrative account has been configured.
- **Use an Enterprise IdP:** Configure authentication via OAuth or LDAP to leverage your organization's existing identity management system. This provides benefits like Single Sign-On (SSO), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), and centralized user provisioning/deprovisioning.
- **Principle of Least Privilege:** Assign users to the most restrictive roles necessary for their jobs. Avoid over-provisioning users with Admin or Alpha roles, and ensure row-level security is applied where appropriate.
- **Admin Accounts:** Delete or disable the default admin user after a new administrative account has been configured.
### **Content Security Policy (CSP) and Other Headers**
@@ -122,47 +123,47 @@ Here's the documentation section how how to set up Talisman: https://superset.ap
>
> It is essential to understand that **Apache Superset is a data visualization and exploration platform, not a database firewall or a comprehensive security solution for your data warehouse.** While Superset provides features to help manage data access, the ultimate responsibility for securing your underlying databases lies with your database administrators (DBAs) and security teams. This includes managing network access, user privileges, and fine-grained permissions directly within the database. The configurations below are an important secondary layer of security but should not be your only line of defense.
* **Use a Dedicated Database User:** The database connection configured in Superset should use a dedicated, limited-privilege database user. This user should only have the minimum required permissions (e.g., `SELECT` on specific schemas) for the data sources it needs to query. It should **not** have `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or administrative privileges.
* **Restrict Dangerous SQL Functions:** To mitigate potential SQL injection risks, configure the `DISALLOWED_SQL_FUNCTIONS` list in your `superset_config.py`. Be aware that this is a defense-in-depth measure, not a substitute for proper database permissions.
- **Use a Dedicated Database User:** The database connection configured in Superset should use a dedicated, limited-privilege database user. This user should only have the minimum required permissions (e.g., `SELECT` on specific schemas) for the data sources it needs to query. It should **not** have `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`, or administrative privileges.
- **Restrict Dangerous SQL Functions:** To mitigate potential SQL injection risks, configure the `DISALLOWED_SQL_FUNCTIONS` list in your `superset_config.py`. Be aware that this is a defense-in-depth measure, not a substitute for proper database permissions.
### **Additional Security Layers**
* **Web Application Firewall (WAF):** Deploying Superset behind a WAF (e.g., Cloudflare, AWS WAF) is strongly recommended. A WAF with a standard ruleset (like the OWASP Core Rule Set) provides a critical layer of defense against common attacks like SQL Injection, XSS, and remote code execution.
- **Web Application Firewall (WAF):** Deploying Superset behind a WAF (e.g., Cloudflare, AWS WAF) is strongly recommended. A WAF with a standard ruleset (like the OWASP Core Rule Set) provides a critical layer of defense against common attacks like SQL Injection, XSS, and remote code execution.
### **Monitoring and Logging**
* **Configure Structured Logging:** Set up a robust logging configuration to capture important security events.
* **Centralize Logs:** Ship logs from all Superset components (frontend, worker, etc.) to a centralized SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system for analysis and alerting.
* **Monitor Key Events:** Create alerts for suspicious activities, including:
* Multiple failed login attempts for a single user or from a single IP address.
* Changes to user roles or permissions.
* Creation or deletion of high-privilege users.
* Attempts to use disallowed SQL functions.
- **Configure Structured Logging:** Set up a robust logging configuration to capture important security events.
- **Centralize Logs:** Ship logs from all Superset components (frontend, worker, etc.) to a centralized SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system for analysis and alerting.
- **Monitor Key Events:** Create alerts for suspicious activities, including:
- Multiple failed login attempts for a single user or from a single IP address.
- Changes to user roles or permissions.
- Creation or deletion of high-privilege users.
- Attempts to use disallowed SQL functions.
-----
---
### **Appendix A: Production Deployment Checklist**
#### **Initial Setup:**
- [ ] HTTPS/TLS is configured and enforced via a reverse proxy.
- [ ] A unique, strong `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` is generated and secured in an environment variable or secrets vault.
- [ ] Server-side session management is configured (e.g., Redis).
- [ ] `PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME` is set to a short duration (e.g., 8 hours).
- [ ] All session cookie security flags (`Secure`, `HttpOnly`, `SameSite`) are enabled.
- [ ] `DEBUG` mode is set to `False`.
- [ ] Talisman is explicitly enabled and configured with a strict Content Security Policy.
- [ ] Database connections use dedicated, limited-privilege accounts.
- [ ] Authentication is integrated with an enterprise identity provider (OAuth/LDAP).
- [ ] A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is deployed in front of Superset.
- [ ] Logging is configured and logs are shipped to a central monitoring system.
- [ ] HTTPS/TLS is configured and enforced via a reverse proxy.
- [ ] A unique, strong `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` is generated and secured in an environment variable or secrets vault.
- [ ] Server-side session management is configured (e.g., Redis).
- [ ] `PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME` is set to a short duration (e.g., 8 hours).
- [ ] All session cookie security flags (`Secure`, `HttpOnly`, `SameSite`) are enabled.
- [ ] `DEBUG` mode is set to `False`.
- [ ] Talisman is explicitly enabled and configured with a strict Content Security Policy.
- [ ] Database connections use dedicated, limited-privilege accounts.
- [ ] Authentication is integrated with an enterprise identity provider (OAuth/LDAP).
- [ ] A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is deployed in front of Superset.
- [ ] Logging is configured and logs are shipped to a central monitoring system.
#### **Ongoing Maintenance:**
- [ ] Regularly update to the latest major or minor versions of Superset. Those versions receive up-to-date security patches.
- [ ] Rotate the `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` periodically (e.g., quarterly) and after any potential security incident.
- [ ] Conduct quarterly access reviews for all users.
- [ ] Assuming logging and monitoring is in place, review security monitoring alerts weekly.
- [ ] Regularly update to the latest major or minor versions of Superset. Those versions receive up-to-date security patches.
- [ ] Rotate the `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` periodically (e.g., quarterly) and after any potential security incident.
- [ ] Conduct quarterly access reviews for all users.
- [ ] Assuming logging and monitoring is in place, review security monitoring alerts weekly.
### **Appendix B: `SECRET_KEY` Rotation and Compromise Response**
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ The procedure for safely rotating the SECRET_KEY must be followed precisely to a
https://superset.apache.org/admin-docs/configuration/configuring-superset/#rotating-to-a-newer-secret_key
:::resources
- [Blog: Running Apache Superset on the Open Internet](https://preset.io/blog/running-apache-superset-on-the-open-internet-a-report-from-the-fireline/)
- [Blog: How Security Vulnerabilities are Reported & Handled in Apache Superset](https://preset.io/blog/how-security-vulnerabilities-are-reported-and-handled-in-apache-superset/)
:::
:::