ci: speed up backend CI with astral-sh/setup-uv and apt package caching (#42498)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/bump-python-package.yml

@@ -45,7 +45,10 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
       - name: Install uv
-        run: pip install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.11"
+          enable-cache: true
 
       - name: supersetbot bump-python -p "${{ github.event.inputs.package }}"
         env:

.github/workflows/superset-docs-deploy.yml

@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@ jobs:
           distribution: "zulu"
           java-version: "21"
       - name: Install Graphviz
-        run: sudo apt-get install -y graphviz
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: graphviz
+          version: 1.0
+          execute_install_scripts: true
       - name: Compute Entity Relationship diagram (ERD)
         env:
           SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY: not-a-secret

.github/workflows/superset-translations.yml

@@ -78,7 +78,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install gettext tools
         if: steps.check.outputs.python == 'true' || steps.check.outputs.frontend == 'true'
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y gettext
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: gettext
+          version: 1.0
 
       # Fetch the base ref so we can compare PR-introduced regressions
       # against a fair baseline (also runs babel_update against the base