diff --git a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
index 6fb132e1613..de2d41f3878 100644
--- a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
+++ b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
@@ -2072,6 +2072,7 @@ class SqlaTable(
                 self.database,
                 self.catalog,
                 self.schema or default_schema or "",
+                exclude_dataset_id=self.id,
             )
             # Add each predicate as a separate cache key component
             extra_cache_keys.extend(rls_predicates)
diff --git a/superset/models/helpers.py b/superset/models/helpers.py
index 6634d25910e..7a2668a49ed 100644
--- a/superset/models/helpers.py
+++ b/superset/models/helpers.py
@@ -2060,12 +2060,17 @@ class ExploreMixin:  # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
             default_schema = self.database.get_default_schema(self.catalog)
             try:
                 rls_applied = False
+                # ``id`` lives on concrete subclasses (e.g. SqlaTable), not on
+                # ExploreMixin itself. getattr keeps this safe for non-dataset
+                # subclasses (e.g. SQL Lab Query), which have no RLS to dedupe.
+                self_id = getattr(self, "id", None)
                 for statement in parsed_script.statements:
                     if apply_rls(
                         self.database,
                         self.catalog,
                         self.schema or default_schema or "",
                         statement,
+                        exclude_dataset_id=self_id,
                     ):
                         rls_applied = True
 
diff --git a/superset/utils/rls.py b/superset/utils/rls.py
index 7e6cdf2aee7..f6643b9fc51 100644
--- a/superset/utils/rls.py
+++ b/superset/utils/rls.py
@@ -34,10 +34,16 @@ def apply_rls(
     catalog: str | None,
     schema: str,
     parsed_statement: BaseSQLStatement[Any],
+    exclude_dataset_id: int | None = None,
 ) -> bool:
     """
     Modify statement inplace to ensure RLS rules are applied.
 
+    :param exclude_dataset_id: When applying RLS to a virtual dataset's inner SQL,
+        pass the virtual dataset's id here so its own RLS isn't injected again
+        on top of the outer-WHERE application (avoids double-apply when the
+        virtual dataset's table_name collides with a table in its own SQL — for
+        example, after converting a physical dataset with RLS to virtual).
     :returns: True if any RLS predicates were actually applied, False otherwise.
     """
     # There are two ways to insert RLS: either replacing the table with a subquery
@@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ def apply_rls(
                 table,
                 database,
                 database.get_default_catalog(),
+                exclude_dataset_id=exclude_dataset_id,
             )
             if predicate
         ]
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@ def get_predicates_for_table(
     table: Table,
     database: Database,
     default_catalog: str | None,
+    exclude_dataset_id: int | None = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     """
     Get the RLS predicates for a table.
@@ -87,18 +95,21 @@ def get_predicates_for_table(
             SqlaTable.catalog.is_(None),
         )
 
-    dataset = (
-        db.session.query(SqlaTable)
-        .filter(
-            and_(
-                SqlaTable.database_id == database.id,
-                catalog_predicate,
-                SqlaTable.schema == table.schema,
-                SqlaTable.table_name == table.table,
-            )
-        )
-        .one_or_none()
-    )
+    filters = [
+        SqlaTable.database_id == database.id,
+        catalog_predicate,
+        SqlaTable.schema == table.schema,
+        SqlaTable.table_name == table.table,
+    ]
+    # When applying RLS to a virtual dataset's inner SQL, skip a match against
+    # the dataset itself — its RLS is already applied on the outer WHERE via
+    # get_sqla_row_level_filters(). Without this, a virtual dataset whose
+    # table_name happens to equal a table in its own SQL (e.g. after a
+    # physical→virtual conversion) double-applies its own predicates.
+    if exclude_dataset_id is not None:
+        filters.append(SqlaTable.id != exclude_dataset_id)
+
+    dataset = db.session.query(SqlaTable).filter(and_(*filters)).one_or_none()
     if not dataset:
         return []
 
@@ -130,6 +141,7 @@ def collect_rls_predicates_for_sql(
     database: Database,
     catalog: str | None,
     schema: str,
+    exclude_dataset_id: int | None = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     """
     Collect all RLS predicates that would be applied to tables in the given SQL.
@@ -141,6 +153,9 @@ def collect_rls_predicates_for_sql(
     :param database: The database the query runs against
     :param catalog: The default catalog for the query
     :param schema: The default schema for the query
+    :param exclude_dataset_id: Mirror of the same parameter on apply_rls — pass
+        the virtual dataset's id so its self-match is excluded from the cache key
+        (kept consistent with what's actually applied at query time).
     :return: List of RLS predicate strings that would be applied
     """
     from superset.sql.parse import SQLScript
@@ -161,6 +176,7 @@ def collect_rls_predicates_for_sql(
                     table,
                     database,
                     default_catalog,
+                    exclude_dataset_id=exclude_dataset_id,
                 )
             }
         )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py b/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
index 62cafdd5692..a7b670bcfc3 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/sql_lab_test.py
@@ -285,8 +285,18 @@ def test_apply_rls(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
 
     get_predicates_for_table.assert_has_calls(
         [
-            mocker.call(Table("t1", "public", "examples"), database, "examples"),
-            mocker.call(Table("t2", "public", "examples"), database, "examples"),
+            mocker.call(
+                Table("t1", "public", "examples"),
+                database,
+                "examples",
+                exclude_dataset_id=None,
+            ),
+            mocker.call(
+                Table("t2", "public", "examples"),
+                database,
+                "examples",
+                exclude_dataset_id=None,
+            ),
         ]
     )
 
@@ -329,3 +339,27 @@ def test_get_predicates_for_table(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
     dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters.assert_called_once_with(
         include_global_guest_rls=False
     )
+
+
+def test_get_predicates_for_table_excludes_self(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
+    """
+    When ``exclude_dataset_id`` is supplied, the lookup query must add an
+    ``id != exclude_dataset_id`` filter so a virtual dataset whose
+    ``table_name`` matches a table referenced inside its own SQL doesn't get
+    its own RLS injected into the inner SQL (would double-apply on top of the
+    outer WHERE). Regression test for the physical→virtual conversion bug.
+    """
+    database = mocker.MagicMock()
+    db = mocker.patch("superset.utils.rls.db")
+    db.session.query().filter().one_or_none.return_value = None
+
+    table = Table("orders", "public", "examples")
+    assert (
+        get_predicates_for_table(table, database, "examples", exclude_dataset_id=42)
+        == []
+    )
+    # The filter call should have received four base filters plus the exclusion
+    # filter, i.e. five total positional args inside and_().
+    filter_call = db.session.query().filter.call_args
+    and_clause = filter_call.args[0]
+    assert len(and_clause.clauses) == 5