diff --git a/superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/src/components/Select/AsyncSelect.test.tsx b/superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/src/components/Select/AsyncSelect.test.tsx
index be5ada50d55..380fefecb2b 100644
--- a/superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/src/components/Select/AsyncSelect.test.tsx
+++ b/superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/src/components/Select/AsyncSelect.test.tsx
@@ -989,6 +989,52 @@ test('shows all options when filterOption is false', async () => {
   expect(options[0]).toHaveTextContent('Server 0');
 });
 
+test('renders a server-matched option whose label diverges from the search term when filterOption is false (regression for #42041)', async () => {
+  // Mirrors the real permissions-search bug: the remote fetch legitimately
+  // matches the raw, underscore-containing value (e.g. a schema name like
+  // "stg_silver"), but the returned option's displayed label has had
+  // underscores replaced with spaces (see formatPermissionLabel in
+  // features/roles/utils.ts). filterOption defaults to true, which
+  // re-filters already-matched options against that same relabeled text
+  // client-side, so the underscore search term never matches and the
+  // legitimately fetched option gets hidden -- this is why
+  // PermissionsField (features/roles/RoleFormItems.tsx) sets
+  // filterOption={false}: the loader is already the authoritative filter,
+  // and its match doesn't depend on the label used to render the option.
+  const searchData = [{ label: 'stg silver', value: 100 }];
+  const loadOptions = jest.fn(async (search: string) =>
+    // totalCount must exceed the empty initial page here, otherwise
+    // AsyncSelect marks allValuesLoaded and short-circuits every later
+    // fetch, including the search request this test depends on.
+    search === ''
+      ? { data: [], totalCount: 1 }
+      : { data: searchData, totalCount: 1 },
+  );
+
+  render(
+    <AsyncSelect
+      {...defaultProps}
+      options={loadOptions}
+      filterOption={false}
+    />,
+  );
+  await open();
+
+  await type('stg_silver');
+  await waitFor(() =>
+    expect(loadOptions).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stg_silver',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything(),
+    ),
+  );
+
+  // The backend legitimately matched and returned this option (asserted
+  // above); it should render in the dropdown despite the search term using
+  // underscores while the label uses spaces.
+  expect(await findSelectOption('stg silver')).toBeInTheDocument();
+});
+
 test('preserves new option entry across search fetch when allowNewOptions is on', async () => {
   const page0Data = Array.from({ length: 10 }, (_, i) => ({
     label: `Option ${i}`,
diff --git a/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.test.tsx b/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.test.tsx
index 84402ee82f4..18c28e837a1 100644
--- a/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.test.tsx
+++ b/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.test.tsx
@@ -16,13 +16,15 @@
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations
  * under the License.
  */
-import { render, screen } from 'spec/helpers/testing-library';
+import { render, screen, waitFor, within } from 'spec/helpers/testing-library';
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
 import {
   RoleNameField,
   PermissionsField,
   UsersField,
   GroupsField,
 } from './RoleFormItems';
+import { fetchPermissionOptions } from './utils';
 
 jest.mock('./utils', () => ({
   fetchPermissionOptions: jest.fn(),
@@ -53,6 +55,45 @@ test('PermissionsField renders loading state', () => {
   expect(screen.getByTestId('permissions-select')).toBeInTheDocument();
 });
 
+test('PermissionsField shows a permission matched by its raw name even though the label uses spaces (regression for #42041)', async () => {
+  // fetchPermissionOptions matches the raw, underscore-containing name
+  // server-side; the returned label has already gone through
+  // formatPermissionLabel (underscores replaced with spaces for display).
+  // PermissionsField's normalizing filterOption must match the raw search
+  // term against that space-formatted label, or the option the server
+  // legitimately returned gets hidden by client-side re-filtering.
+  jest
+    .mocked(fetchPermissionOptions)
+    .mockImplementation(async (filterValue: string) =>
+      filterValue === 'stg_silver'
+        ? { data: [{ value: 1, label: 'stg silver' }], totalCount: 1 }
+        : // totalCount must exceed the empty initial page here, otherwise
+          // AsyncSelect marks allValuesLoaded and short-circuits every
+          // later fetch, including the search request this test depends on.
+          { data: [], totalCount: 1 },
+    );
+
+  render(<PermissionsField addDangerToast={addDangerToast} />);
+  const combobox = screen.getByRole('combobox');
+  await waitFor(() => userEvent.click(combobox));
+  await userEvent.clear(combobox);
+  await userEvent.type(combobox, 'stg_silver', { delay: 10 });
+
+  await waitFor(() =>
+    expect(fetchPermissionOptions).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'stg_silver',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything(),
+      addDangerToast,
+    ),
+  );
+  expect(
+    await within(document.querySelector('.rc-virtual-list')!).findByText(
+      'stg silver',
+    ),
+  ).toBeInTheDocument();
+});
+
 test('UsersField renders label and select', () => {
   render(<UsersField addDangerToast={addDangerToast} loading={false} />);
   expect(screen.getByText('Users')).toBeInTheDocument();
diff --git a/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.tsx b/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.tsx
index 0c6dd866a77..8980a982a12 100644
--- a/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.tsx
+++ b/superset-frontend/src/features/roles/RoleFormItems.tsx
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ export const PermissionsField = ({
         placeholder={t('Select permissions')}
         options={options}
         loading={loading}
+        // formatPermissionLabel renders the raw permission/view_menu name with
+        // underscores replaced by spaces, so AsyncSelect's default client-side
+        // re-filter never matches a raw-name search term (e.g. "stg_silver")
+        // against the displayed label ("stg silver") and hides the
+        // server-matched option. Normalize both sides so client-side narrowing
+        // still works without hiding valid matches. See #42041.
+        filterOption={(input, option) =>
+          String(option?.label ?? '')
+            .toLowerCase()
+            .replace(/_/g, ' ')
+            .includes(input.toLowerCase().replace(/_/g, ' '))
+        }
         getPopupContainer={trigger => trigger.closest('.ant-modal-container')}
         data-test="permissions-select"
       />