diff --git a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
index a4c12dd00cc..31eadbd8d8f 100644
--- a/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
+++ b/superset/connectors/sqla/models.py
@@ -1913,13 +1913,31 @@ class SqlaTable(
         The cache key of a SqlaTable needs to consider any keys added by the parent
         class and any keys added via `ExtraCache`.
 
+        For virtual datasets, RLS predicates are included in the cache key to ensure
+        users with different RLS rules get different cached results.
+
         :param query_obj: query object to analyze
         :return: The extra cache keys
         """
+        from superset.utils.rls import collect_rls_predicates_for_sql
+
         extra_cache_keys = super().get_extra_cache_keys(query_obj)
         if self.has_extra_cache_key_calls(query_obj):
             sqla_query = self.get_sqla_query(**query_obj)
             extra_cache_keys += sqla_query.extra_cache_keys
+
+        # For virtual datasets, include RLS predicates in the cache key
+        if self.is_virtual and self.sql:
+            default_schema = self.database.get_default_schema(self.catalog)
+            rls_predicates = collect_rls_predicates_for_sql(
+                self.sql,
+                self.database,
+                self.catalog,
+                self.schema or default_schema or "",
+            )
+            # Add each predicate as a separate cache key component
+            extra_cache_keys.extend(rls_predicates)
+
         return list(set(extra_cache_keys))
 
     @property
diff --git a/superset/models/helpers.py b/superset/models/helpers.py
index cb77c723e10..ea8526bd732 100644
--- a/superset/models/helpers.py
+++ b/superset/models/helpers.py
@@ -1188,6 +1188,9 @@ class ExploreMixin:  # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
         Return where to select the columns and metrics from. Either a physical table
         or a virtual table with it's own subquery. If the FROM is referencing a
         CTE, the CTE is returned as the second value in the return tuple.
+
+        For virtual datasets, RLS filters from underlying tables are applied to
+        prevent RLS bypass.
         """
         from_sql = self.get_rendered_sql(template_processor) + "\n"
         parsed_script = SQLScript(from_sql, engine=self.db_engine_spec.engine)
@@ -1196,6 +1199,24 @@ class ExploreMixin:  # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
                 _("Virtual dataset query must be read-only")
             )
 
+        # Apply RLS filters to virtual dataset SQL to prevent RLS bypass
+        # For each table referenced in the virtual dataset, apply its RLS filters
+        if parsed_script.statements:
+            default_schema = self.database.get_default_schema(self.catalog)
+            try:
+                for statement in parsed_script.statements:
+                    apply_rls(
+                        self.database,
+                        self.catalog,
+                        self.schema or default_schema or "",
+                        statement,
+                    )
+                # Regenerate the SQL after RLS application
+                from_sql = parsed_script.format()
+            except Exception as ex:
+                # Log the error but don't fail - RLS application is best-effort
+                logger.warning("Failed to apply RLS to virtual dataset SQL: %s", ex)
+
         cte = self.db_engine_spec.get_cte_query(from_sql)
         from_clause = (
             sa.table(self.db_engine_spec.cte_alias)
diff --git a/superset/security/manager.py b/superset/security/manager.py
index fb7c71050e4..4ed4ba08fa2 100644
--- a/superset/security/manager.py
+++ b/superset/security/manager.py
@@ -2346,10 +2346,9 @@ class SupersetSecurityManager(  # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
                     query, template_params
                 )
                 tables = {
-                    Table(
-                        table_.table,
-                        table_.schema or default_schema,
-                        table_.catalog or query.catalog or default_catalog,
+                    table_.qualify(
+                        catalog=query.catalog or default_catalog,
+                        schema=default_schema,
                     )
                     for table_ in process_jinja_sql(
                         query.sql, database, template_params
@@ -2357,9 +2356,7 @@ class SupersetSecurityManager(  # pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
                 }
             elif table:
                 # Make sure table has the default catalog, if not specified.
-                tables = {
-                    Table(table.table, table.schema, table.catalog or default_catalog)
-                }
+                tables = {table.qualify(catalog=default_catalog)}
 
             denied = set()
 
diff --git a/superset/sql/parse.py b/superset/sql/parse.py
index 09a6cfe49e5..cc1801f5800 100644
--- a/superset/sql/parse.py
+++ b/superset/sql/parse.py
@@ -168,14 +168,7 @@ class RLSTransformer:
             table_node.catalog if table_node.catalog else self.catalog,
         )
         if predicates := self.rules.get(table):
-            return (
-                exp.And(
-                    this=predicates[0],
-                    expressions=predicates[1:],
-                )
-                if len(predicates) > 1
-                else predicates[0]
-            )
+            return sqlglot.and_(*predicates)
 
         return None
 
@@ -312,6 +305,21 @@ class Table:
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return str(self) == str(other)
 
+    def qualify(
+        self,
+        *,
+        catalog: str | None = None,
+        schema: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Table:
+        """
+        Return a new Table with the given schema and/or catalog, if not already set.
+        """
+        return Table(
+            table=self.table,
+            schema=self.schema or schema,
+            catalog=self.catalog or catalog,
+        )
+
 
 # To avoid unnecessary parsing/formatting of queries, the statement has the concept of
 # an "internal representation", which is the AST of the SQL statement. For most of the
diff --git a/superset/utils/rls.py b/superset/utils/rls.py
index cf422b01884..43f7da9ffe8 100644
--- a/superset/utils/rls.py
+++ b/superset/utils/rls.py
@@ -46,13 +46,7 @@ def apply_rls(
     # collect all RLS predicates for all tables in the query
     predicates: dict[Table, list[Any]] = {}
     for table in parsed_statement.tables:
-        # fully qualify table
-        table = Table(
-            table.table,
-            table.schema or schema,
-            table.catalog or catalog,
-        )
-
+        table = table.qualify(catalog=catalog, schema=schema)
         predicates[table] = [
             parsed_statement.parse_predicate(predicate)
             for predicate in get_predicates_for_table(
@@ -113,3 +107,48 @@ def get_predicates_for_table(
         )
         for predicate in dataset.get_sqla_row_level_filters()
     ]
+
+
+def collect_rls_predicates_for_sql(
+    sql: str,
+    database: Database,
+    catalog: str | None,
+    schema: str,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Collect all RLS predicates that would be applied to tables in the given SQL.
+
+    This is used for cache key generation for virtual datasets to ensure that
+    different users with different RLS rules get different cache keys.
+
+    :param sql: The SQL query to analyze
+    :param database: The database the query runs against
+    :param catalog: The default catalog for the query
+    :param schema: The default schema for the query
+    :return: List of RLS predicate strings that would be applied
+    """
+    from superset.sql.parse import SQLScript
+
+    try:
+        parsed_script = SQLScript(sql, engine=database.db_engine_spec.engine)
+        tables = {
+            table.qualify(catalog=catalog, schema=schema)
+            for statement in parsed_script.statements
+            for table in statement.tables
+        }
+        default_catalog = database.get_default_catalog()
+        return sorted(
+            {
+                predicate
+                for table in tables
+                for predicate in get_predicates_for_table(
+                    table,
+                    database,
+                    default_catalog,
+                )
+            }
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        # If we can't parse the SQL, return empty list
+        # This ensures RLS application failure doesn't break caching
+        return []
diff --git a/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py b/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
index 2d5dd28c17f..cab80b49476 100644
--- a/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
+++ b/tests/integration_tests/security/row_level_security_tests.py
@@ -311,6 +311,105 @@ class TestRowLevelSecurity(SupersetTestCase):
             "gender = 'boy'-gender",
         ]
 
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("load_birth_names_dashboard_with_slices")
+    def test_rls_filter_applies_to_virtual_dataset(self):
+        """
+        Test that RLS filters from underlying tables are applied to virtual
+        datasets.
+        """
+        # Get the physical birth_names table which has RLS filters
+        physical_table = self.get_table(name="birth_names")
+
+        # Create a virtual dataset that queries the birth_names table
+        virtual_dataset = SqlaTable(
+            table_name="virtual_birth_names",
+            database=physical_table.database,
+            schema=physical_table.schema,
+            sql="SELECT * FROM birth_names",
+        )
+        db.session.add(virtual_dataset)
+        db.session.commit()
+
+        try:
+            # Test as gamma user who has RLS filters
+            g.user = self.get_user(username="gamma")
+
+            # Get the SQL query for the virtual dataset
+            sql = virtual_dataset.get_query_str(self.query_obj)
+
+            # Verify that RLS filters from the physical table are applied
+            # Gamma user should have the name filters (A%, B%, Q%) and gender filter
+            # Note: SQL uses uppercase LIKE and %% escaping
+            sql_lower = sql.lower()
+            assert "name like 'a%" in sql_lower or "name like 'q%" in sql_lower, (
+                f"RLS name filters not found in virtual dataset query: {sql}"
+            )
+            assert "gender = 'boy'" in sql_lower, (
+                f"RLS gender filter not found in virtual dataset query: {sql}"
+            )
+
+            # Test as admin user who has no RLS filters
+            g.user = self.get_user(username="admin")
+            sql = virtual_dataset.get_query_str(self.query_obj)
+
+            # Admin should not have RLS filters applied
+            assert not self.NAMES_A_REGEX.search(sql)
+            assert not self.NAMES_B_REGEX.search(sql)
+            assert not self.NAMES_Q_REGEX.search(sql)
+            assert not self.BASE_FILTER_REGEX.search(sql)
+
+        finally:
+            # Cleanup
+            db.session.delete(virtual_dataset)
+            db.session.commit()
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures(
+        "load_birth_names_dashboard_with_slices", "load_energy_table_with_slice"
+    )
+    def test_rls_filter_applies_to_virtual_dataset_with_join(self):
+        """
+        Test that RLS filters are applied when virtual dataset joins
+        multiple tables.
+        """
+        # Get the physical tables
+        birth_names_table = self.get_table(name="birth_names")
+        self.get_table(name="energy_usage")  # Load the table for the test
+
+        # Create a virtual dataset with a JOIN query
+        virtual_dataset = SqlaTable(
+            table_name="virtual_joined",
+            database=birth_names_table.database,
+            schema=birth_names_table.schema,
+            sql="SELECT b.name, e.value FROM birth_names b JOIN energy_usage e ON 1=1",
+        )
+        db.session.add(virtual_dataset)
+        db.session.commit()
+
+        try:
+            # Test as gamma user who has RLS filters on both tables
+            g.user = self.get_user(username="gamma")
+
+            # Get the SQL query for the virtual dataset
+            sql = virtual_dataset.get_query_str(self.query_obj)
+
+            # Verify that RLS filters from both physical tables are applied
+            # birth_names filters
+            sql_lower = sql.lower()
+            assert "name like 'a%" in sql_lower or "name like 'q%" in sql_lower, (
+                f"birth_names RLS filters not found: {sql}"
+            )
+            assert "gender = 'boy'" in sql_lower, (
+                f"birth_names gender filter not found: {sql}"
+            )
+
+            # energy_usage filter
+            assert "value > 1" in sql_lower, f"energy_usage RLS filter not found: {sql}"
+
+        finally:
+            # Cleanup
+            db.session.delete(virtual_dataset)
+            db.session.commit()
+
 
 class TestRowLevelSecurityCreateAPI(SupersetTestCase):
     @pytest.mark.usefixtures("load_birth_names_dashboard_with_slices")
diff --git a/tests/integration_tests/sqla_models_tests.py b/tests/integration_tests/sqla_models_tests.py
index 2e9c4c00e5a..0852c62362d 100644
--- a/tests/integration_tests/sqla_models_tests.py
+++ b/tests/integration_tests/sqla_models_tests.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class TestDatabaseModel(SupersetTestCase):
         query = table.database.compile_sqla_query(sqla_query.sqla_query)
 
         # assert virtual dataset
-        assert "SELECT 'user_abc' as user, 'xyz_P1D' as time_grain" in query
+        assert "SELECT\n  'user_abc' AS user,\n  'xyz_P1D' AS time_grain" in query
         # assert dataset calculated column
         assert "case when 'abc' = 'abc' then 'yes' else 'no' end" in query
         # assert adhoc column
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/sql/parse_tests.py b/tests/unit_tests/sql/parse_tests.py
index 6d89a3356e8..0af93696595 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/sql/parse_tests.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/sql/parse_tests.py
@@ -62,6 +62,81 @@ def test_table() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_table_qualify() -> None:
+    """
+    Test the `Table.qualify` method.
+
+    The qualify method should add schema and/or catalog if not already set,
+    but should not override existing values.
+    """
+    # Table with no schema or catalog
+    table = Table("tbname")
+
+    # Add schema only
+    qualified = table.qualify(schema="schemaname")
+    assert qualified.table == "tbname"
+    assert qualified.schema == "schemaname"
+    assert qualified.catalog is None
+    assert str(qualified) == "schemaname.tbname"
+
+    # Add catalog only
+    qualified = table.qualify(catalog="catalogname")
+    assert qualified.table == "tbname"
+    assert qualified.schema is None
+    assert qualified.catalog == "catalogname"
+    assert str(qualified) == "catalogname.tbname"
+
+    # Add both schema and catalog
+    qualified = table.qualify(schema="schemaname", catalog="catalogname")
+    assert qualified.table == "tbname"
+    assert qualified.schema == "schemaname"
+    assert qualified.catalog == "catalogname"
+    assert str(qualified) == "catalogname.schemaname.tbname"
+
+    # Table with existing schema - should not override
+    table_with_schema = Table("tbname", "existingschema")
+    qualified = table_with_schema.qualify(schema="newschema")
+    assert qualified.schema == "existingschema"
+    assert str(qualified) == "existingschema.tbname"
+
+    # Table with existing catalog - should not override
+    table_with_catalog = Table("tbname", catalog="existingcatalog")
+    qualified = table_with_catalog.qualify(catalog="newcatalog")
+    assert qualified.catalog == "existingcatalog"
+    assert str(qualified) == "existingcatalog.tbname"
+
+    # Table with existing schema and catalog - should not override
+    fully_qualified = Table("tbname", "existingschema", "existingcatalog")
+    qualified = fully_qualified.qualify(schema="newschema", catalog="newcatalog")
+    assert qualified.schema == "existingschema"
+    assert qualified.catalog == "existingcatalog"
+    assert str(qualified) == "existingcatalog.existingschema.tbname"
+
+    # Table with schema but no catalog - should add catalog only
+    table_with_schema_only = Table("tbname", "existingschema")
+    qualified = table_with_schema_only.qualify(
+        schema="newschema", catalog="catalogname"
+    )
+    assert qualified.schema == "existingschema"
+    assert qualified.catalog == "catalogname"
+    assert str(qualified) == "catalogname.existingschema.tbname"
+
+    # Table with catalog but no schema - should add schema only
+    table_with_catalog_only = Table("tbname", catalog="existingcatalog")
+    qualified = table_with_catalog_only.qualify(
+        schema="schemaname", catalog="newcatalog"
+    )
+    assert qualified.schema == "schemaname"
+    assert qualified.catalog == "existingcatalog"
+    assert str(qualified) == "existingcatalog.schemaname.tbname"
+
+    # Calling qualify with no arguments should return equivalent table
+    qualified = table.qualify()
+    assert qualified.table == table.table
+    assert qualified.schema == table.schema
+    assert qualified.catalog == table.catalog
+
+
 def extract_tables_from_sql(sql: str, engine: str = "postgresql") -> set[Table]:
     """
     Helper function to extract tables from SQL.