diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index 062d11b96..8ec574744 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+# Reference: https://docs.docker.com/build/ci/github-actions/multi-platform/#distribute-build-across-multiple-runners
+
+# Conditions for pushing the image to GHCR:
+#   - Triggered by push to a version tag (`v*`)
+#   - Triggered by a scheduled run
+#   - Triggered manually via `workflow_dispatch` with `push: true`
+#
+# Conditional expression:
+#   startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event.inputs.push
+
 name: Publish Docker image
 
 on:
@@ -8,11 +18,18 @@ on:
         required: true
         type: string 
         default: 'main'
+      push:
+        description: 'Push the image to container registry'
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
   push:
     tags:
       - 'v*'
     branches:
       - main
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '30 1 * * *'
 
 env:
   REGISTRY: ghcr.io
@@ -26,12 +43,19 @@ jobs:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci.yml
 
   build:
-    name: Build docker image
+    name: Build Docker image
     needs: [ ci ]
 
-    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        platform: [amd64, arm64]
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform == 'arm64' && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
+
+    outputs:
+      tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
 
     permissions:
       contents: read
@@ -39,47 +63,137 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out the repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.ref || github.ref }}
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.10.0
 
       - name: Log in to the container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3.3.0
         with:
           registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
+      - name: Configure image tags
+        id: tag_config
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          BASE_CONFIG="type=sha,format=long"
+          if [[ $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME == "schedule" ]]; then
+            BASE_CONFIG+=$'\n'"type=schedule,pattern=nightly"
+          elif [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == refs/tags/v* ]]; then
+            BASE_CONFIG="type=semver,pattern={{version}}"
+            BASE_CONFIG+=$'\n'"type=raw,value=stable"
+          fi
+          {
+            echo 'TAGS_SPEC<<EOF'
+            echo "$BASE_CONFIG"
+            echo EOF
+          } >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: Extract metadata for Docker
         id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5.6.0
         with:
           images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
-          flavor: latest=auto
-          tags: |
-            type=sha,format=long
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
-            type=raw,value=stable,enable=${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+          flavor: latest=false
+          tags: ${{ env.TAGS_SPEC }}
 
-      - name: Build and push Docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+      - name: Publish 'linux/${{ matrix.platform }}' image by digest
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.16.0
         id: build
         with:
           context: .
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          platforms: 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64'
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-          provenance: false
-          # https://docs.github.com/en/packages/working-with-a-github-packages-registry/working-with-the-container-registry#adding-a-description-to-multi-arch-images
-          outputs: type=image,name=target,annotation-index.org.opencontainers.image.description=A multi-arch Docker image for the Maybe Rails app
           build-args: BUILD_COMMIT_SHA=${{ github.sha }}
+          platforms: 'linux/${{ matrix.platform }}'
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:cache-${{ matrix.platform }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:cache-${{ matrix.platform }},mode=max
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          provenance: false
+          push: true
+          # DO NOT REMOVE `oci-mediatypes=true`, fixes annotation not showing up on job.merge.steps[-1]
+          # ref: https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/discussions/1022
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }},name-canonical=true,push-by-digest=true,oci-mediatypes=true
+
+      - name: Export the Docker image digest
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event.inputs.push }}
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p "${RUNNER_TEMP}"/digests
+          echo "${DIGEST#sha256:}" > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/digests/digest-${PLATFORM}"
+        env:
+          DIGEST: ${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}
+          PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+
+      - name: Upload the Docker image digest
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event.inputs.push }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: digest-${{ matrix.platform }}
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 1
+
+  merge:
+    name: Merge multi-arch manifest & push multi-arch tag
+    if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event.inputs.push }}
+    needs: [build]
+
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    runs-on: 'ubuntu-24.04'
+
+    permissions:
+      packages: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.10.0
+
+      - name: Download Docker image digests
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.3.0
+        with:
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
+          pattern: digest-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Log in to the container registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3.3.0
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Merge and push Docker image
+        env:
+          TAGS: ${{ needs.build.outputs.tags }}
+          DIGESTS_DIR: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
+        shell: bash -xeuo pipefail {0}
+        run: |
+          tag_args=()
+          while IFS=$'\n' read -r tag; do
+            [[ -n "${tag}" ]] || continue
+            tag_args+=("--tag=${tag}")
+          done <<< "${TAGS}"
+
+          image_args=()
+          for PLATFORM in amd64 arm64; do
+            image_args+=("${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}@sha256:$(<"${DIGESTS_DIR}/digest-${PLATFORM}")")
+          done
+
+          attempts=0
+          until docker buildx imagetools create \
+            --annotation "index:org.opencontainers.image.description=A multi-arch Docker image for the Sure Rails app" \
+            "${tag_args[@]}" "${image_args[@]}" \
+          ; do
+            attempts=$((attempts + 1))
+            if [[ $attempts -ge 3 ]]; then
+              echo "[$(date -u)] ERROR: Failed after 3 attempts." >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            delay=$((2 ** attempts))
+            if [[ $delay -gt 15 ]]; then delay=15; fi
+            echo "Push failed (attempt $attempts). Retrying in ${delay} seconds..."
+            sleep ${delay}
+          done