Merge branch 'master' into feat/translation-backfill-tooling

Adds 17 tests under tests/unit_tests/scripts/translations/ covering the
two pure helpers (_is_translated, _plural_key) and the build_index
workflow against a tmp_path fixture with three fake languages.

Locks in the cross-language index shape that the AI backfill prompt
depends on:
- fuzzy entries surface as null (so unreviewed drafts don't feed back
  into the prompt as trusted context, and don't inflate --min-context)
- every msgid has a slot for every non-en language (null when missing)
- plural entries are keyed by the msgid\x00msgid_plural composite
- the en source locale and directories without LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
  are excluded
- the .po header entry (empty msgid) is skipped

Addresses the reviewer question on whether the new tooling script
should have test coverage.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitignore

@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ release.json
 superset/translations/**/messages.json
 # these mo binary files are generated by `pybabel compile`
 superset/translations/**/messages.mo
+# cross-language index generated by scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py
+superset/translations/translation_index.json
 
 docker/requirements-local.txt
 

docs/admin_docs/configuration/dashboard-performance.mdx

@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
----
-title: Dashboard Performance
-hide_title: true
-sidebar_position: 5
-version: 1
----
-
-<!--
-Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-distributed with this work for additional information
-regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-specific language governing permissions and limitations
-under the License.
--->
-
-# Dashboard Performance
-
-A dashboard's perceived speed is determined by three independent things: how
-many charts have to render, how many queries the backend can execute
-concurrently, and how quickly the underlying data warehouse can return
-results. Superset gives you levers for the first two; the third belongs to
-your warehouse. This page covers the dashboard-side levers and the practical
-guidance around them.
-
-## Is there a maximum chart count per dashboard?
-
-**No hard limit is enforced** — Superset has no configuration key that
-caps the number of charts on a dashboard. In practice, dashboards behave
-well up to a few dozen charts. Beyond that, you'll typically feel friction
-on the initial load and during cross-filter / time-range updates, even with
-the lazy-loading optimizations described below.
-
-Rough thresholds to keep in mind:
-
-- **Under ~25 charts**: usually no perceptible problem.
-- **25–50 charts**: still fine, but you start to want tabs to break the
-  page into chunks the user actually looks at.
-- **Over ~50 charts**: split into multiple dashboards or use tabs
-  aggressively. The bottleneck is rarely Superset itself — it's the
-  warehouse executing dozens of queries in parallel and the browser
-  rendering dozens of chart frames.
-
-These are guidelines, not guarantees. A dashboard of 100 sparkline-style
-charts hitting a fast cache behaves very differently from a dashboard of
-20 heavy aggregations against a cold warehouse.
-
-## Lazy rendering — `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION`
-
-Superset's dashboard layout is virtualized at the row level. Charts that
-are far below the user's current scroll position are not rendered (and
-therefore don't fetch data) until the user scrolls them into view, and they
-are unmounted again if scrolled well past. This is on by default.
-
-**Feature flag**: `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION` (default: `True`)
-
-The flag is `stable` and marked for path-to-deprecation — meaning the
-behavior will eventually be non-optional, but the flag still exists so
-operators can disable it if a specific layout misbehaves.
-
-**Behavior** (from `superset-frontend/src/dashboard/components/gridComponents/Row/Row.tsx`):
-
-- A chart is rendered when its row scrolls within **1 viewport height** of
-  the visible area.
-- A chart is unmounted when its row scrolls more than **4 viewport
-  heights** away from the visible area.
-- Tabs that aren't currently selected don't render their content at all
-  (see below).
-- The unmounting half is skipped in **embedded** mode (so an embedded
-  dashboard keeps its charts mounted once they've been seen, which avoids
-  re-fetching on scroll-up). Both halves are skipped for **headless /
-  bot** rendering (so screenshot / report jobs load every chart).
-
-## Deferred data fetch — `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION_DEFER_DATA`
-
-By default, `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION` controls *rendering* — but charts
-that don't render also don't fetch data, because Superset's chart
-components issue their data request on mount. `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION_DEFER_DATA`
-is a supplementary flag that further defers the data request itself, useful
-for backends where opening a connection or compiling a query is expensive
-even if the result is later thrown away.
-
-**Feature flag**: `DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION_DEFER_DATA` (default: `False`)
-
-Enable this if you see warehouse load spike on dashboard *open* even
-though most charts are off-screen.
-
-## Per-tab lazy loading
-
-**This is on by default and has no flag.** A tab's content is not rendered
-until the user activates that tab, so charts inside an unselected tab do
-not fetch data on dashboard open. When the user clicks the tab, that
-tab's charts mount and fetch in the normal way.
-
-Practically: tabs are the single most effective tool for a large
-dashboard. Splitting 60 charts across 4 tabs effectively turns dashboard
-open into "load ~15 charts," and the remaining ones lazy-load only if the
-user goes looking.
-
-## Is there a switch to cap concurrent chart queries?
-
-**No.** Superset does not implement a frontend-side concurrent-request
-limiter. Each chart issues its own data request when it mounts, and the
-browser handles parallelism (typically ~6 in-flight HTTP requests per
-origin, then the rest queue). Backend throughput is bounded by your
-Gunicorn worker count for synchronous query execution, or by your Celery
-worker pool when [async queries](./async-queries-celery.mdx) are enabled.
-
-If you need to throttle warehouse load, the right place is:
-
-1. The warehouse itself (connection pool / concurrency limits).
-2. Superset's Celery configuration (smaller worker pool when async
-   queries are on).
-3. Splitting heavy charts across tabs or separate dashboards (each
-   dashboard load only fetches what's visible).
-
-## Splitting strategies
-
-When a dashboard outgrows comfortable performance, the options in order
-of effort:
-
-**1. Move sections into tabs.** Same dashboard, but only the active tab's
-charts fetch. This is the cheapest change and often the only one needed.
-
-**2. Cache aggressively.** A Redis cache backend (see
-[Caching](./cache.mdx)) means repeat dashboard loads serve from cache
-rather than re-hitting the warehouse. This is especially impactful for
-dashboards opened by many users in close succession.
-
-**3. Enable async queries.** [Async query execution](./async-queries-celery.mdx)
-via Celery decouples query duration from request lifetime, so a slow
-chart doesn't block the page. The user sees other charts come in as
-their queries complete.
-
-**4. Split into multiple dashboards.** Group related charts into purpose-
-specific dashboards rather than one mega-dashboard. Link them from a
-landing dashboard or a navigation menu.
-
-**5. Pre-aggregate at the warehouse level.** If the same expensive
-aggregation appears across many charts, materialize it as a view or
-scheduled table in the warehouse so each chart query is a cheap lookup.
-
-## Operational notes
-
-- The feature flags above are set in `superset_config.py`, e.g.:
-
-  ```python
-  FEATURE_FLAGS = {
-      "DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION": True,
-      "DASHBOARD_VIRTUALIZATION_DEFER_DATA": True,
-  }
-  ```
-
-- See [Feature Flags](./feature-flags.mdx) for the full list of supported
-  flags and their lifecycle stages.
-- Report and screenshot jobs (alerts, scheduled reports, dashboard
-  exports) intentionally bypass row virtualization so the rendered
-  artifact includes every chart, not just the ones above the fold.

docs/developer_docs/contributing/howtos.md

@@ -335,6 +335,92 @@ npm run build-translation
 pybabel compile -d superset/translations
 ```
 
+### Backfilling missing translations with AI
+
+For languages with many untranslated strings, the repo includes a script that
+uses Claude AI to generate draft translations for any missing entries. All
+AI-generated strings are marked `#, fuzzy` and tagged with an attribution
+comment so that human reviewers know they need to be checked before merging.
+
+#### Prerequisites
+
+```bash
+pip install -r superset/translations/requirements.txt
+```
+
+Claude Code must be installed and authenticated (`claude --version` should
+work). The script calls `claude -p` internally — no separate API key is needed.
+
+#### Step 1 — Build the translation index
+
+The index captures every already-translated string in every language and
+serves as cross-language context for the AI. Rebuild it whenever `.po` files
+change significantly:
+
+```bash
+python scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py
+# Writes: superset/translations/translation_index.json
+```
+
+#### Step 2 — Preview with a dry run
+
+Check what would be translated without writing anything:
+
+```bash
+python scripts/translations/backfill_po.py --lang fr --limit 20 --dry-run
+```
+
+Output shows each string, its translation, and a context tag:
+- No tag — 3+ reference languages available (high confidence)
+- `[ctx:N]` — only N other languages have this string (lower confidence)
+- `[ctx:0]` — no other language has this string yet; English alone used
+
+#### Step 3 — Run the backfill
+
+```bash
+python scripts/translations/backfill_po.py --lang fr
+```
+
+Options:
+
+| Flag | Default | Description |
+|------|---------|-------------|
+| `--lang LANG` | required | ISO language code (`fr`, `de`, `ja`, …) |
+| `--batch-size N` | 50 | Strings per Claude request |
+| `--limit N` | unlimited | Stop after N entries |
+| `--min-context N` | 0 | Skip entries with fewer than N reference translations |
+| `--model MODEL` | `claude-sonnet-4-6` | Claude model to use |
+| `--dry-run` | off | Print without writing |
+| `--no-fuzzy` | off | Don't mark entries as fuzzy |
+
+Use `--min-context 2` to skip strings that have fewer than 2 reference
+translations in other languages. Those strings are more likely to be ambiguous
+(short labels, UI fragments) where the correct meaning can't be inferred
+without additional context.
+
+#### Step 4 — Review and commit
+
+Open the target `.po` file and search for `fuzzy`. For each generated entry:
+
+1. Verify the translation is correct for the UI context.
+2. Remove the `# Machine-translated via backfill_po.py` comment and the
+   `#, fuzzy` flag line once you are satisfied.
+3. If the translation is wrong, correct the `msgstr` before removing the flag.
+4. Commit the `.po` file — do **not** commit `translation_index.json` (it is
+   gitignored and regenerated locally).
+
+#### Running via npm
+
+From `superset-frontend/`:
+
+```bash
+# Rebuild index
+npm run translations:build-index
+
+# Backfill (pass arguments after --)
+npm run translations:backfill -- --lang fr --dry-run
+```
+
 ## Linting
 
 ### Python

docs/package.json

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     "remark-import-partial": "^0.0.2",
     "reselect": "^5.2.0",
     "storybook": "^8.6.18",
-    "swagger-ui-react": "^5.32.6",
+    "swagger-ui-react": "^5.32.5",
     "swc-loader": "^0.2.7",
     "tinycolor2": "^1.4.2",
     "unist-util-visit": "^5.1.0"
@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@
   "resolutions": {
     "react-redux": "^9.2.0",
     "@reduxjs/toolkit": "^2.5.0",
-    "baseline-browser-mapping": "^2.9.19",
-    "swagger-client": "3.37.3"
+    "baseline-browser-mapping": "^2.9.19"
   },
   "packageManager": "yarn@1.22.22+sha1.ac34549e6aa8e7ead463a7407e1c7390f61a6610"
 }

docs/yarn.lock

@@ -3898,6 +3898,59 @@
     "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
     "@swaggerexpert/json-pointer" "^2.10.1"
 
+"@swagger-api/apidom-ns-api-design-systems@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-api-design-systems/-/apidom-ns-api-design-systems-1.11.0.tgz#c9bee1def674b6b12559a97da243c9358e4f5d13"
+  integrity sha512-IskDsUkUtNas4guoChRKKkw0wOst64nRA24WuIjLf8ztfBdcl/oqx/cgy8pwWCUqNYvL9L3+sD5HeuokqMrySw==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-ns-arazzo-1@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-arazzo-1/-/apidom-ns-arazzo-1-1.11.0.tgz#ceda21f89fe970d8c6e2504e0ea644f864eabae1"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-json-schema-2020-12" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2/-/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2-1.11.0.tgz#9e7dcb40c6de940c6b4ad23c8413864aa3286127"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-json-schema-draft-7" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-3@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-3/-/apidom-ns-asyncapi-3-1.11.0.tgz#92a3f5b78f795f651114a5d7e572dadd051e62b0"
+  integrity sha512-4vrgNYDj68hgmgZj1eGBaBr5xqIETWn4jAioiRHek4jV1FLvmxCs3nC2nYs8CzQqqJ1bqirdiirrUpqhaQvTEA==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
+
 "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-json-schema-2019-09@^1.11.0":
   version "1.11.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-json-schema-2019-09/-/apidom-ns-json-schema-2019-09-1.11.0.tgz#18531aa5a09192d2f296474f458b493e64f40d5c"
@@ -3967,6 +4020,20 @@
     ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
     ts-mixer "^6.0.4"
 
+"@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-2/-/apidom-ns-openapi-2-1.11.0.tgz#89b97db3173589cab4b9c57650a6d75638f870bb"
+  integrity sha512-cAIPJhLxm/nj1kzneNySeaTahY+hH5gkGNsgbmifGnLPsC5YOOfEVMKLj18IREdXqdnxJgRbsI9Azl4g09TPkg==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-json-schema-draft-4" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
+
 "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0@^1.11.0":
   version "1.11.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0/-/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0-1.11.0.tgz#4b44fb8a292439f4966bedef7d0c484926ece0e5"
@@ -4014,10 +4081,285 @@
     ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
     ts-mixer "^6.0.3"
 
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-json@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-json/-/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-json-1.11.0.tgz#b7c757fadafe6bbcfb12f897b9f7432795de9460"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-api-design-systems" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-yaml@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-yaml/-/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-yaml-1.11.0.tgz#7dd524f0241fd9997e8959a071a3e8b2cf58f1f6"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-api-design-systems" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-json-1@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-json-1/-/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-json-1-1.11.0.tgz#8b8bafdab34b4a917a2cb68aeb0e9e94ad511fc2"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-arazzo-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
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+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-yaml-1@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-yaml-1/-/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-yaml-1-1.11.0.tgz#2a21d25375dae5bfd76ef331a581ad84fd00ccdd"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-arazzo-1" "^1.11.0"
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+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
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+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-2-1.11.0.tgz#b9c6efff4ece06882a3aba91ed787b307618d6fe"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
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+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-3/-/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-3-1.11.0.tgz#af21567e11a9e2eaf84748d5a5a93436c19bc71a"
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+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-3" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-2-1.11.0.tgz#c8d2670275331f075714bdf6afb99a00aa53d3e4"
+  integrity sha512-iIRlB8B46UPiu0EkKhq1TvwloBgObASJ5ROx8rhT5+Pj+BBegE+KIY02EUKwcz5FgXJrH3XcltLiI7ZA68347Q==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-3@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-3/-/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-3-1.11.0.tgz#aaaf47cd034228d453d6426b3afcf2b429a3a497"
+  integrity sha512-BF2ZyQYMUNrjP1nMneX6ZD2IWBLycWpxg3yllXDCJtfdQT/IMzldIPKCNI9qoBE57lM6j2hpy+Jd86QJk20t2w==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-3" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json/-/apidom-parser-adapter-json-1.11.0.tgz#81e5919a2e4139492c0f910f8413557eb059de8a"
+  integrity sha512-DObW0LxYwif0erzGoXiEAZ6ecc/18LIEKxjEAc5Bw2M5I0C/iGW4y/UxAywihGvhMEo1gOvdO6w9Jh6UnuPVmA==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ast" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    tree-sitter "=0.21.1"
+    tree-sitter-json "=0.24.8"
+    web-tree-sitter "=0.24.5"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-2-1.11.0.tgz#c48a0a51b4381ebf5b7c3406b90d9a25dfa48a49"
+  integrity sha512-dREUHAEHVry9aSGjqDpYF9Wzm1lgUkV6EgoYDflyQ9HxgCwhucDPFmUgI7UaR0G6bplnJumMcZXh1I1TGn1v7Q==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-0@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-0/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-0-1.11.0.tgz#e432f87615bdd5652aa7c299454ede2cbec46f4a"
+  integrity sha512-U/NZpvuj9IpUS48zF2tYbgW2AtTw6Yi6kXNiHUtgUEomxYdb6XQeKLDGvgeWjgAgfUROohakcH+wx713VCGxfQ==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-1@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-1/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-1-1.11.0.tgz#1c5043a00620235c0b175d03a1da4a17d41294fd"
+  integrity sha512-fYarNeaz39oKZ6VwqwON+IeJszidZGPvUYDfggLaar81NGimrz07y1U+DhAf96IX3qgUa2J6Fu3Bv1r57hs6Ng==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-2-1.11.0.tgz#29bcb3388b9a452a78a01d2491e5891009755c2d"
+  integrity sha512-jtMoAH3R73bQUc4D2cJTUUvO4iJz9CV1W4+zoU/gT2l6h8Ji5EhZH0/VyynUk4J6mW/GdwxUN/q5z2P/DtSmfA==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-2-1.11.0.tgz#08a94606d3b636075aacb9af80b5fd25b4b15782"
+  integrity sha512-e8L4kHahgkOIzCCSGs5jTahXLInERNr37teSLS4SuqYgSVWr9AVXuNvpHNYGeMECD8briGIGfAAtnZChCGYrEA==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-0@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-0/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-0-1.11.0.tgz#55c35ac58764b20890456707c9176ef48f20d741"
+  integrity sha512-s+AXnNzLeAk28jUAeXwTSR1AlX+TXIAt2GfFgWUAV+SFw2OhRpoKYLzItN3n2UsHselqHvfyUL9xNCJBZleQtQ==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-1@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-1/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-1-1.11.0.tgz#a6dc3316738f3175d896a832701c349ec416c11a"
+  integrity sha512-xyUyehHhB+BSOAT7mYGqmcEozuLKxmx1Hug97O9SVgNU8QTClc95+VWrAHhJbn8juPR6y2vSwm/wrQDwb4yq7w==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-2-1.11.0.tgz#bc83e0d8ec0a54c67c8a77109be56c5eef5be169"
+  integrity sha512-u7Y98zdjEs+0Upa8TdxOsb7z8hYJmLz9lVleRiB7rqysVga6oSDI5NAFdLVqMB6uAUuFi/tyiuiFT4Qosfd6Vw==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+
+"@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2@^1.11.0":
+  version "1.11.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2/-/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2-1.11.0.tgz#6bca1a605127d904bde0419bfd2df880c6051757"
+  integrity sha512-FZK9KfwiTnNc+imxg7Wu2ktKhXCYPeFQZ1uZJzJL/hk1n+zyPfRY/4Aue4HzDcG8+wbItd3dRjKClFanVZAXoA==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ast" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
+    "@tree-sitter-grammars/tree-sitter-yaml" "=0.7.1"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+    tree-sitter "=0.22.4"
+    web-tree-sitter "=0.24.5"
+
 "@swagger-api/apidom-reference@^1.11.0":
   version "1.11.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@swagger-api/apidom-reference/-/apidom-reference-1.11.0.tgz#9deaff0a93e46058c090946394dbb83975a86a51"
   integrity sha512-ftqegYrxxl9UwQFbdVOtXIqNolVd25M5u53X8fP96Wx6lEVr5Ed7B6+dzch8ttCUmKeoLIeagvt76b6BoYtnLw==
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.26.10"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-core" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-error" "^1.11.0"
+    "@types/ramda" "~0.30.0"
+    axios "^1.15.0"
+    minimatch "^10.2.1"
+    ramda "~0.30.0"
+    ramda-adjunct "^5.0.0"
+  optionalDependencies:
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-json-pointer" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-arazzo-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-asyncapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-ns-openapi-3-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-yaml" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-json-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-arazzo-yaml-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-3" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-3" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-json" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-0" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-0" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-1" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-2" "^1.11.0"
+    "@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-yaml-1-2" "^1.11.0"
 
 "@swaggerexpert/cookie@^2.0.2":
   version "2.0.2"
@@ -4201,6 +4543,14 @@
   dependencies:
     defer-to-connect "^2.0.1"
 
+"@tree-sitter-grammars/tree-sitter-yaml@=0.7.1":
+  version "0.7.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tree-sitter-grammars/tree-sitter-yaml/-/tree-sitter-yaml-0.7.1.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-AynBwkIoQCTgjDR33bDUp9Mqq+YTco0is3n5hRApMqG9of/6A4eQsfC1/uSEeHSUyMQSYawcAWamsexnVpIP4Q==
+  dependencies:
+    node-addon-api "^8.3.1"
+    node-gyp-build "^4.8.4"
+
 "@tybys/wasm-util@^0.10.1":
   version "0.10.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@tybys/wasm-util/-/wasm-util-0.10.1.tgz#ecddd3205cf1e2d5274649ff0eedd2991ed7f414"
@@ -5129,6 +5479,13 @@ address@^1.0.1:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/address/-/address-1.2.2.tgz"
   integrity sha512-4B/qKCfeE/ODUaAUpSwfzazo5x29WD4r3vXiWsB7I2mSDAihwEqKO+g8GELZUQSSAo5e1XTYh3ZVfLyxBc12nA==
 
+agent-base@6:
+  version "6.0.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/agent-base/-/agent-base-6.0.2.tgz#49fff58577cfee3f37176feab4c22e00f86d7f77"
+  integrity sha512-RZNwNclF7+MS/8bDg70amg32dyeZGZxiDuQmZxKLAlQjr3jGyLx+4Kkk58UO7D2QdgFIQCovuSuZESne6RG6XQ==
+  dependencies:
+    debug "4"
+
 aggregate-error@^3.0.0:
   version "3.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/aggregate-error/-/aggregate-error-3.1.0.tgz"
@@ -5490,6 +5847,11 @@ async@3.2.6:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/async/-/async-3.2.6.tgz"
   integrity sha512-htCUDlxyyCLMgaM3xXg0C0LW2xqfuQ6p05pCEIsXuyQ+a1koYKTuBMzRNwmybfLgvJDMd0r1LTn4+E0Ti6C2AA==
 
+asynckit@^0.4.0:
+  version "0.4.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/asynckit/-/asynckit-0.4.0.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-Oei9OH4tRh0YqU3GxhX79dM/mwVgvbZJaSNaRk+bshkj0S5cfHcgYakreBjrHwatXKbz+IoIdYLxrKim2MjW0Q==
+
 autolinker@^3.11.0:
   version "3.16.2"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/autolinker/-/autolinker-3.16.2.tgz"
@@ -5516,6 +5878,16 @@ available-typed-arrays@^1.0.7:
   dependencies:
     possible-typed-array-names "^1.0.0"
 
+axios@^1.15.0:
+  version "1.16.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/axios/-/axios-1.16.1.tgz#517e29291d19d6e8cf919ff264f4fe157261ba12"
+  integrity sha512-caYkukvroVPO8KrzuJEb50Hm07KwfBZPEC3VeFHTsqWHvKTsy54hjJz9BS/cdaypROE2rH6xvm9mHX4fgWkr3A==
+  dependencies:
+    follow-redirects "^1.16.0"
+    form-data "^4.0.5"
+    https-proxy-agent "^5.0.1"
+    proxy-from-env "^2.1.0"
+
 babel-loader@^9.2.1:
   version "9.2.1"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/babel-loader/-/babel-loader-9.2.1.tgz"
@@ -6052,6 +6424,13 @@ combine-promises@^1.1.0:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/combine-promises/-/combine-promises-1.2.0.tgz"
   integrity sha512-VcQB1ziGD0NXrhKxiwyNbCDmRzs/OShMs2GqW2DlU2A/Sd0nQxE1oWDAE5O0ygSx5mgQOn9eIFh7yKPgFRVkPQ==
 
+combined-stream@^1.0.8:
+  version "1.0.8"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/combined-stream/-/combined-stream-1.0.8.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-FQN4MRfuJeHf7cBbBMJFXhKSDq+2kAArBlmRBvcvFE5BB1HZKXtSFASDhdlz9zOYwxh8lDdnvmMOe/+5cdoEdg==
+  dependencies:
+    delayed-stream "~1.0.0"
+
 comma-separated-tokens@^2.0.0:
   version "2.0.3"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/comma-separated-tokens/-/comma-separated-tokens-2.0.3.tgz"
@@ -6976,6 +7355,11 @@ delaunator@5:
   dependencies:
     robust-predicates "^3.0.2"
 
+delayed-stream@~1.0.0:
+  version "1.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/delayed-stream/-/delayed-stream-1.0.0.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-ZySD7Nf91aLB0RxL4KGrKHBXl7Eds1DAmEdcoVawXnLD7SDhpNgtuII2aAkg7a7QS41jxPSZ17p4VdGnMHk3MQ==
+
 depd@2.0.0, depd@~2.0.0:
   version "2.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/depd/-/depd-2.0.0.tgz"
@@ -8020,7 +8404,7 @@ flatted@^3.2.9:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/flatted/-/flatted-3.4.2.tgz#f5c23c107f0f37de8dbdf24f13722b3b98d52726"
   integrity sha512-PjDse7RzhcPkIJwy5t7KPWQSZ9cAbzQXcafsetQoD7sOJRQlGikNbx7yZp2OotDnJyrDcbyRq3Ttb18iYOqkxA==
 
-follow-redirects@^1.0.0:
+follow-redirects@^1.0.0, follow-redirects@^1.16.0:
   version "1.16.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.16.0.tgz#28474a159d3b9d11ef62050a14ed60e4df6d61bc"
   integrity sha512-y5rN/uOsadFT/JfYwhxRS5R7Qce+g3zG97+JrtFZlC9klX/W5hD7iiLzScI4nZqUS7DNUdhPgw4xI8W2LuXlUw==
@@ -8042,6 +8426,17 @@ form-data-encoder@^2.1.2:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/form-data-encoder/-/form-data-encoder-2.1.4.tgz"
   integrity sha512-yDYSgNMraqvnxiEXO4hi88+YZxaHC6QKzb5N84iRCTDeRO7ZALpir/lVmf/uXUhnwUr2O4HU8s/n6x+yNjQkHw==
 
+form-data@^4.0.5:
+  version "4.0.5"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.5.tgz#b49e48858045ff4cbf6b03e1805cebcad3679053"
+  integrity sha512-8RipRLol37bNs2bhoV67fiTEvdTrbMUYcFTiy3+wuuOnUog2QBHCZWXDRijWQfAkhBj2Uf5UnVaiWwA5vdd82w==
+  dependencies:
+    asynckit "^0.4.0"
+    combined-stream "^1.0.8"
+    es-set-tostringtag "^2.1.0"
+    hasown "^2.0.2"
+    mime-types "^2.1.12"
+
 format@^0.2.0:
   version "0.2.2"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/format/-/format-0.2.2.tgz"
@@ -8703,6 +9098,14 @@ http2-wrapper@^2.1.10:
     quick-lru "^5.1.1"
     resolve-alpn "^1.2.0"
 
+https-proxy-agent@^5.0.1:
+  version "5.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/https-proxy-agent/-/https-proxy-agent-5.0.1.tgz#c59ef224a04fe8b754f3db0063a25ea30d0005d6"
+  integrity sha512-dFcAjpTQFgoLMzC2VwU+C/CbS7uRL0lWmxDITmqm7C+7F0Odmj6s9l6alZc6AELXhrnggM2CeWSXHGOdX2YtwA==
+  dependencies:
+    agent-base "6"
+    debug "4"
+
 human-signals@^2.1.0:
   version "2.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/human-signals/-/human-signals-2.1.0.tgz"
@@ -10759,7 +11162,7 @@ mime-types@2.1.18:
   dependencies:
     mime-db "~1.33.0"
 
-mime-types@^2.1.27, mime-types@~2.1.17, mime-types@~2.1.24, mime-types@~2.1.34:
+mime-types@^2.1.12, mime-types@^2.1.27, mime-types@~2.1.17, mime-types@~2.1.24, mime-types@~2.1.34:
   version "2.1.35"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.35.tgz"
   integrity sha512-ZDY+bPm5zTTF+YpCrAU9nK0UgICYPT0QtT1NZWFv4s++TNkcgVaT0g6+4R2uI4MjQjzysHB1zxuWL50hzaeXiw==
@@ -10825,7 +11228,7 @@ minimatch@3.1.5, minimatch@^3.1.1, minimatch@^3.1.2:
   dependencies:
     brace-expansion "^1.1.7"
 
-minimatch@^10.2.2:
+minimatch@^10.2.1, minimatch@^10.2.2:
   version "10.2.5"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/minimatch/-/minimatch-10.2.5.tgz#bd48687a0be38ed2961399105600f832095861d1"
   integrity sha512-MULkVLfKGYDFYejP07QOurDLLQpcjk7Fw+7jXS2R2czRQzR56yHRveU5NDJEOviH+hETZKSkIk5c+T23GjFUMg==
@@ -10932,9 +11335,14 @@ node-addon-api@^7.0.0:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-addon-api/-/node-addon-api-7.1.1.tgz"
   integrity sha512-5m3bsyrjFWE1xf7nz7YXdN4udnVtXK6/Yfgn5qnahL6bCkf2yKt4k3nuTKAtT4r3IG8JNR2ncsIMdZuAzJjHQQ==
 
+node-addon-api@^8.0.0, node-addon-api@^8.2.2, node-addon-api@^8.3.0, node-addon-api@^8.3.1:
+  version "8.5.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-addon-api/-/node-addon-api-8.5.0.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-/bRZty2mXUIFY/xU5HLvveNHlswNJej+RnxBjOMkidWfwZzgTbPG1E3K5TOxRLOR+5hX7bSofy8yf1hZevMS8A==
+
 node-domexception@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-domexception/-/node-domexception-1.0.0.tgz#6888db46a1f71c0b76b3f7555016b63fe64766e5"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-domexception/-/node-domexception-1.0.0.tgz"
   integrity sha512-/jKZoMpw0F8GRwl4/eLROPA3cfcXtLApP0QzLmUT/HuPCZWyB7IY9ZrMeKw2O/nFIqPQB3PVM9aYm0F312AXDQ==
 
 node-emoji@^2.1.0:
@@ -10949,7 +11357,7 @@ node-emoji@^2.1.0:
 
 node-fetch-commonjs@^3.3.2:
   version "3.3.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-fetch-commonjs/-/node-fetch-commonjs-3.3.2.tgz#0dd0fd4c4a314c5234f496ff7b5d9ce5a6c8feaa"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-fetch-commonjs/-/node-fetch-commonjs-3.3.2.tgz"
   integrity sha512-VBlAiynj3VMLrotgwOS3OyECFxas5y7ltLcK4t41lMUZeaK15Ym4QRkqN0EQKAFL42q9i21EPKjzLUPfltR72A==
   dependencies:
     node-domexception "^1.0.0"
@@ -10969,6 +11377,11 @@ node-fetch@^2.6.1:
   dependencies:
     whatwg-url "^5.0.0"
 
+node-gyp-build@^4.8.0, node-gyp-build@^4.8.2, node-gyp-build@^4.8.4:
+  version "4.8.4"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-gyp-build/-/node-gyp-build-4.8.4.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-LA4ZjwlnUblHVgq0oBF3Jl/6h/Nvs5fzBLwdEF4nuxnFdsfajde4WfxtJr3CaiH+F6ewcIB/q4jQ4UzPyid+CQ==
+
 node-readfiles@^0.2.0:
   version "0.2.0"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-readfiles/-/node-readfiles-0.2.0.tgz"
@@ -12257,6 +12670,11 @@ proxy-addr@~2.0.7:
     forwarded "0.2.0"
     ipaddr.js "1.9.1"
 
+proxy-from-env@^2.1.0:
+  version "2.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/proxy-from-env/-/proxy-from-env-2.1.0.tgz#a7487568adad577cfaaa7e88c49cab3ab3081aba"
+  integrity sha512-cJ+oHTW1VAEa8cJslgmUZrc+sjRKgAKl3Zyse6+PV38hZe/V6Z14TbCuXcan9F9ghlz4QrFr2c92TNF82UkYHA==
+
 punycode@^1.4.1:
   version "1.4.1"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/punycode/-/punycode-1.4.1.tgz"
@@ -14032,7 +14450,7 @@ svgo@^3.0.2, svgo@^3.2.0:
     picocolors "^1.0.0"
     sax "^1.5.0"
 
-swagger-client@3.37.3, swagger-client@^3.37.4:
+swagger-client@^3.37.3:
   version "3.37.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/swagger-client/-/swagger-client-3.37.3.tgz#dbe3f0d22c367d4bc04cc7ddaf5224e116d46074"
   integrity sha512-PZv5smQPnPwfP6mnkq96fOp/RNDKBqd8vfwE4UuwA229wsesj20yd7RadXx+9uLBC3c0H6cu/H+bnbMTWG6oUQ==
@@ -14057,10 +14475,10 @@ swagger-client@3.37.3, swagger-client@^3.37.4:
     ramda "^0.30.1"
     ramda-adjunct "^5.1.0"
 
-swagger-ui-react@^5.32.6:
-  version "5.32.6"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/swagger-ui-react/-/swagger-ui-react-5.32.6.tgz#00c3f99a5b1f6c0debb2ee0589018dfc79ba1d4a"
-  integrity sha512-2q2kXd6eDR+syyWV5HE2CkWANyr2MHPkNezG4M7fC0FPlBUZEsNgyA/2dcb9dIwgE5xd995dO42h89fNMF5/ng==
+swagger-ui-react@^5.32.5:
+  version "5.32.5"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/swagger-ui-react/-/swagger-ui-react-5.32.5.tgz#c4650972c71aaf4107a5f742e9c45615eba6857f"
+  integrity sha512-u86Qx36C5FvmJFVGMF3s62dxR3l0EfUmlylJVqCJ4vL0tvfd38kNdCQan9app6Y+C25uqVAjGLYu2w87UMD35Q==
   dependencies:
     "@babel/runtime-corejs3" "^7.27.1"
     "@scarf/scarf" "=1.4.0"
@@ -14091,7 +14509,7 @@ swagger-ui-react@^5.32.6:
     reselect "^5.1.1"
     serialize-error "^8.1.0"
     sha.js "^2.4.12"
-    swagger-client "^3.37.4"
+    swagger-client "^3.37.3"
     url-parse "^1.5.10"
     xml "=1.0.1"
     xml-but-prettier "^1.0.1"
@@ -14261,6 +14679,30 @@ tree-dump@^1.0.3:
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/tree-dump/-/tree-dump-1.1.0.tgz"
   integrity sha512-rMuvhU4MCDbcbnleZTFezWsaZXRFemSqAM+7jPnzUl1fo9w3YEKOxAeui0fz3OI4EU4hf23iyA7uQRVko+UaBA==
 
+tree-sitter-json@=0.24.8:
+  version "0.24.8"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/tree-sitter-json/-/tree-sitter-json-0.24.8.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-Tc9ZZYwHyWZ3Tt1VEw7Pa2scu1YO7/d2BCBbKTx5hXwig3UfdQjsOPkPyLpDJOn/m1UBEWYAtSdGAwCSyagBqQ==
+  dependencies:
+    node-addon-api "^8.2.2"
+    node-gyp-build "^4.8.2"
+
+tree-sitter@=0.21.1:
+  version "0.21.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tree-sitter/-/tree-sitter-0.21.1.tgz#fbb34c09056700814af0e1e37688e06463ba04c4"
+  integrity sha512-7dxoA6kYvtgWw80265MyqJlkRl4yawIjO7S5MigytjELkX43fV2WsAXzsNfO7sBpPPCF5Gp0+XzHk0DwLCq3xQ==
+  dependencies:
+    node-addon-api "^8.0.0"
+    node-gyp-build "^4.8.0"
+
+tree-sitter@=0.22.4:
+  version "0.22.4"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/tree-sitter/-/tree-sitter-0.22.4.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-usbHZP9/oxNsUY65MQUsduGRqDHQOou1cagUSwjhoSYAmSahjQDAVsh9s+SlZkn8X8+O1FULRGwHu7AFP3kjzg==
+  dependencies:
+    node-addon-api "^8.3.0"
+    node-gyp-build "^4.8.4"
+
 trim-lines@^3.0.0:
   version "3.0.1"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/trim-lines/-/trim-lines-3.0.1.tgz"
@@ -14880,9 +15322,14 @@ web-namespaces@^2.0.0:
 
 web-streams-polyfill@^3.0.3:
   version "3.3.3"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/web-streams-polyfill/-/web-streams-polyfill-3.3.3.tgz#2073b91a2fdb1fbfbd401e7de0ac9f8214cecb4b"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/web-streams-polyfill/-/web-streams-polyfill-3.3.3.tgz"
   integrity sha512-d2JWLCivmZYTSIoge9MsgFCZrt571BikcWGYkjC1khllbTeDlGqZ2D8vD8E/lJa8WGWbb7Plm8/XJYV7IJHZZw==
 
+web-tree-sitter@=0.24.5:
+  version "0.24.5"
+  resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/web-tree-sitter/-/web-tree-sitter-0.24.5.tgz"
+  integrity sha512-+J/2VSHN8J47gQUAvF8KDadrfz6uFYVjxoxbKWDoXVsH2u7yLdarCnIURnrMA6uSRkgX3SdmqM5BOoQjPdSh5w==
+
 webidl-conversions@^3.0.0:
   version "3.0.1"
   resolved "https://registry.npmjs.org/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz"

pyproject.toml

@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ development = [
     "openapi-spec-validator",
     "parameterized",
     "pip",
+    "polib",  # used by scripts/translations/ and their unit tests
     "pre-commit",
     "progress>=1.5,<2",
     "psutil",

requirements/development.txt

@@ -677,6 +677,8 @@ ply==3.11
     # via
     #   -c requirements/base-constraint.txt
     #   jsonpath-ng
+polib==1.2.0
+    # via apache-superset
 polyline==2.0.2
     # via
     #   -c requirements/base-constraint.txt

scripts/translations/backfill_po.py

@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Backfill missing translations in a .po file using Claude AI.
+
+For each untranslated (empty msgstr) entry in the target language, the script
+sends the English source string along with all available translations in other
+languages to Claude as context, then writes the AI-generated translation back
+into the .po file marked as #, fuzzy for human review.
+
+Usage:
+  # Build the translation index first (one-time or when .po files change)
+  python scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py
+
+  # Backfill French translations
+  python scripts/translations/backfill_po.py --lang fr
+
+  # Dry run (print what would be translated without writing)
+  python scripts/translations/backfill_po.py --lang de --dry-run
+
+  # Limit to 100 entries and use a specific model
+  python scripts/translations/backfill_po.py --lang es --limit 100 \
+    --model claude-opus-4-6
+
+Options:
+  --lang LANG        ISO language code to backfill (required)
+  --batch-size N     Number of strings per Claude request (default: 50)
+  --limit N          Stop after translating N entries (default: unlimited)
+  --model MODEL      Claude model ID (default: claude-sonnet-4-6)
+  --index PATH       Path to translation_index.json (default: auto-detect)
+  --dry-run          Print translations without writing to .po file
+  --no-fuzzy         Do not mark generated translations as fuzzy (default: mark fuzzy)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+try:
+    import polib  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+except ImportError:
+    print("polib is required. Run: pip install polib", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+TRANSLATIONS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "superset" / "translations"
+DEFAULT_INDEX = TRANSLATIONS_DIR / "translation_index.json"
+DEFAULT_MODEL = "claude-sonnet-4-6"
+DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 50
+
+# Language names for the prompt, keyed by ISO code
+LANGUAGE_NAMES: dict[str, str] = {
+    "ar": "Arabic",
+    "ca": "Catalan",
+    "de": "German",
+    "es": "Spanish",
+    "fa": "Persian (Farsi)",
+    "fr": "French",
+    "it": "Italian",
+    "ja": "Japanese",
+    "ko": "Korean",
+    "mi": "Māori",
+    "nl": "Dutch",
+    "pl": "Polish",
+    "pt": "Portuguese",
+    "pt_BR": "Brazilian Portuguese",
+    "ru": "Russian",
+    "sk": "Slovak",
+    "sl": "Slovenian",
+    "tr": "Turkish",
+    "uk": "Ukrainian",
+    "zh": "Chinese (Simplified)",
+    "zh_TW": "Chinese (Traditional)",
+}
+
+
+def _lang_name(code: str) -> str:
+    """Return a human-readable language name for an ISO language code."""
+    return LANGUAGE_NAMES.get(code, code)
+
+
+def _plural_key(msgid: str, msgid_plural: str) -> str:
+    """Build the translation index key used for pluralized entries."""
+    return f"{msgid}\x00{msgid_plural}"
+
+
+def _is_missing(entry: polib.POEntry) -> bool:
+    """Return True for entries that need a translation."""
+    if entry.obsolete:
+        return False
+    if entry.msgid_plural:
+        return not any(v for v in entry.msgstr_plural.values())
+    return not entry.msgstr
+
+
+def _context_langs(
+    item: dict[str, Any], index: dict[str, Any], target_lang: str
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Return sorted list of language codes that have translations for this entry."""
+    key = item["index_key"]
+    if key not in index:
+        return []
+    return sorted(
+        lang for lang, val in index[key].items() if lang != target_lang and val
+    )
+
+
+def _context_count(
+    item: dict[str, Any], index: dict[str, Any], target_lang: str
+) -> int:
+    """Return the number of other-language translations available for this entry."""
+    return len(_context_langs(item, index, target_lang))
+
+
+def _render_item(
+    i: int,
+    item: dict[str, Any],
+    index: dict[str, Any],
+    target_lang: str,
+    reference_langs_sorted: list[str],
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Render one batch entry as prompt lines."""
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    ctx = _context_count(item, index, target_lang)
+    if ctx == 0:
+        lines.append(
+            f"--- [{i}] (no reference translations — translate conservatively) ---"
+        )
+    else:
+        plural = "s" if ctx != 1 else ""
+        lines.append(f"--- [{i}] ({ctx} reference translation{plural}) ---")
+    lines.append(f"English: {json.dumps(item['msgid'], ensure_ascii=False)}")
+    if item.get("msgid_plural"):
+        plural_json = json.dumps(item["msgid_plural"], ensure_ascii=False)
+        lines.append(f"English plural: {plural_json}")
+    key = item["index_key"]
+    if key in index and reference_langs_sorted:
+        for lang in reference_langs_sorted:
+            val = index[key].get(lang)
+            if val is None:
+                continue
+            if isinstance(val, dict):
+                forms = "; ".join(
+                    f"[{k}] {json.dumps(v, ensure_ascii=False)}" for k, v in val.items()
+                )
+                lines.append(f"{_lang_name(lang)}: {forms}")
+            else:
+                lines.append(
+                    f"{_lang_name(lang)}: {json.dumps(val, ensure_ascii=False)}"
+                )
+    lines.append("")
+    return lines
+
+
+def build_prompt(
+    target_lang: str,
+    batch: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    index: dict[str, Any],
+) -> str:
+    """Build the Claude prompt for a batch of entries."""
+    lang_name = _lang_name(target_lang)
+
+    # Collect which other languages actually have translations for this batch
+    reference_langs: set[str] = set()
+    for item in batch:
+        key = item["index_key"]
+        if key in index:
+            reference_langs.update(
+                lang for lang, val in index[key].items() if lang != target_lang and val
+            )
+    reference_langs_sorted = sorted(reference_langs)
+
+    lines: list[str] = [
+        "You are a professional translator specializing in software UI strings.",
+        f"Translate the following English strings into {lang_name} ({target_lang}).",
+        "",
+        "Rules:",
+        "- Preserve all format placeholders exactly: %(name)s, {name}, %s, %d, etc.",
+        "- Preserve HTML tags if present.",
+        "- Keep the same tone and register as the reference translations.",
+        "- For plural forms, provide translations for all plural forms"
+        " required by the language.",
+        "- Return ONLY a JSON object mapping each numeric index (as a string)"
+        " to its translation.",
+        "- Do not add any explanation, preamble, or markdown fences.",
+        "",
+        "Important: Many strings are short fragments or single words that are"
+        " ambiguous in English (e.g. 'Scale' could mean a measurement scale,"
+        " to scale an image, or fish scales). Use the translations in other"
+        " languages as your primary signal for which meaning is intended —"
+        " they collectively disambiguate the intended sense. When no"
+        " other-language translations are available for an entry, translate"
+        " conservatively based on the most common meaning in a data"
+        " visualization UI context.",
+        "",
+    ]
+
+    if reference_langs_sorted:
+        lines.append(
+            f"Reference translations are provided per string where available "
+            f"({', '.join(_lang_name(lc) for lc in reference_langs_sorted)})."
+        )
+        lines.append("")
+
+    lines.append("Strings to translate:")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(batch):
+        lines.extend(_render_item(i, item, index, target_lang, reference_langs_sorted))
+
+    if batch and batch[0].get("msgid_plural"):
+        # Add guidance on plural form counts per language
+        lines.append(
+            "Note: provide ALL plural forms required by the target language "
+            "(e.g. French needs 2, Russian needs 3, Arabic needs 6)."
+        )
+        lines.append("")
+
+    lines.append(
+        'Expected output format: {"0": "<translation>", "1": "<translation>", ...}'
+    )
+    lines.append("(keys are the numeric indices of the strings above)")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def parse_response(text: str, batch_size: int) -> dict[int, str]:
+    """Parse the JSON object from Claude's response."""
+    # Strip any accidental markdown fences
+    text = re.sub(r"^```[^\n]*\n", "", text.strip())
+    text = re.sub(r"\n```$", "", text)
+    try:
+        raw = json.loads(text)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Could not parse response as JSON: {exc}\n\nResponse:\n{text}"
+        ) from exc
+    # _process_batches only catches ValueError/RuntimeError, so a non-object
+    # response (list, scalar, null) must surface as ValueError rather than
+    # bubbling up an AttributeError from .items() and aborting the whole run.
+    if not isinstance(raw, dict):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Expected a JSON object mapping indices to translations, "
+            f"got {type(raw).__name__}.\n\nResponse:\n{text}"
+        )
+    # Preserve dict/list values as JSON strings so plural responses (where
+    # v is a dict of plural forms) can be re-parsed downstream by
+    # _apply_translation's json.loads. str(v) on a dict produces Python
+    # repr ({'0': 'x'}) which is not valid JSON.
+    return {
+        int(k): (
+            json.dumps(v, ensure_ascii=False) if isinstance(v, (dict, list)) else str(v)
+        )
+        for k, v in raw.items()
+        if str(k).isdigit()
+    }
+
+
+def translate_batch(
+    model: str,
+    target_lang: str,
+    batch: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    index: dict[str, Any],
+) -> dict[int, str]:
+    """Send a batch of strings to Claude via `claude -p`.
+
+    Returns a dict mapping batch index to translated string.
+    """
+    claude_bin = shutil.which("claude")
+    if not claude_bin:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "claude CLI not found. Install Claude Code or add it to PATH."
+        )
+    prompt = build_prompt(target_lang, batch, index)
+    # Pipe the prompt over stdin rather than passing it as argv: a single batch
+    # with many reference languages can grow into the tens of KB and approach
+    # ARG_MAX on some platforms.
+    # claude_bin is resolved via shutil.which — not user-controlled input
+    result = subprocess.run(  # noqa: S603
+        [claude_bin, "--model", model, "-p"],
+        input=prompt,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=False,
+    )
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"claude exited with code {result.returncode}:\n{result.stderr}"
+        )
+    return parse_response(result.stdout.strip(), len(batch))
+
+
+def _apply_plural_translation(entry: polib.POEntry, translation: str) -> None:
+    """Distribute a model response across the entry's plural forms.
+
+    Model may return a JSON dict ({"0": "form0", "1": "form1"}), a JSON list
+    (["form0", "form1"], also valid since plural forms are ordered), a JSON
+    scalar (a single translation that fills every form), or a plain non-JSON
+    string (older models that ignore the JSON instruction).
+    """
+    try:
+        plural_value = json.loads(translation)
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
+        for k in entry.msgstr_plural:
+            entry.msgstr_plural[k] = translation
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(plural_value, dict):
+        entry.msgstr_plural = {int(k): str(v) for k, v in plural_value.items()}
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(plural_value, list) and plural_value:
+        # Distribute list items across plural form indices in order; if the
+        # model returned fewer forms than the language requires, repeat the
+        # last form rather than leaving slots blank.
+        forms = [str(v) for v in plural_value]
+        for k in sorted(entry.msgstr_plural):
+            entry.msgstr_plural[k] = forms[k] if k < len(forms) else forms[-1]
+        return
+
+    # Scalar (or empty list) — broadcast to every form.
+    fill = str(plural_value) if plural_value not in (None, []) else translation
+    for k in entry.msgstr_plural:
+        entry.msgstr_plural[k] = fill
+
+
+def _apply_translation(
+    entry: polib.POEntry,
+    translation: str,
+    item: dict[str, Any],
+    model: str,
+    mark_fuzzy: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Write a translation string into a POEntry and add attribution."""
+    if entry.msgid_plural:
+        _apply_plural_translation(entry, translation)
+    else:
+        entry.msgstr = translation
+
+    if mark_fuzzy and "fuzzy" not in entry.flags:
+        entry.flags.append("fuzzy")
+
+    refs = item["context_langs"]
+    refs_tag = f" [refs: {', '.join(refs)}]" if refs else " [no refs]"
+    attribution = f"Machine-translated via backfill_po.py ({model}){refs_tag}"
+    if entry.tcomment:
+        if attribution not in entry.tcomment:
+            entry.tcomment = f"{entry.tcomment}\n{attribution}"
+    else:
+        entry.tcomment = attribution
+
+
+def _build_batch_items(
+    entries: list[polib.POEntry],
+    index: dict[str, Any],
+    lang: str,
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Convert a list of POEntries into the dict format used by translate_batch."""
+    items: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for entry in entries:
+        if entry.msgid_plural:
+            item: dict[str, Any] = {
+                "msgid": entry.msgid,
+                "msgid_plural": entry.msgid_plural,
+                "index_key": _plural_key(entry.msgid, entry.msgid_plural),
+                "is_plural": True,
+            }
+        else:
+            item = {
+                "msgid": entry.msgid,
+                "index_key": entry.msgid,
+                "is_plural": False,
+            }
+        item["context_langs"] = _context_langs(item, index, lang)
+        item["context_count"] = len(item["context_langs"])
+        items.append(item)
+    return items
+
+
+def _process_batches(
+    missing: list[polib.POEntry],
+    index: dict[str, Any],
+    lang: str,
+    batch_size: int,
+    model: str,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    mark_fuzzy: bool,
+    cat: polib.POFile | None = None,
+    po_path: Path | None = None,
+) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Translate missing entries in batches. Returns (translated, failed) counts.
+
+    When ``cat`` and ``po_path`` are provided and ``dry_run`` is False, the
+    catalog is saved to disk after each batch that produced at least one
+    successful translation. This means a crash mid-run only loses the in-flight
+    batch rather than every batch translated so far.
+    """
+    translated_count = 0
+    failed_count = 0
+    for batch_start in range(0, len(missing), batch_size):
+        batch_entries = missing[batch_start : batch_start + batch_size]
+        batch_items = _build_batch_items(batch_entries, index, lang)
+        end = min(batch_start + batch_size, len(missing))
+        print(
+            f"  Translating entries {batch_start + 1}–{end} of {len(missing)} …",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        try:
+            translations = translate_batch(model, lang, batch_items, index)
+        except (ValueError, RuntimeError) as exc:
+            print(f"  ERROR in batch starting at {batch_start}: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+            failed_count += len(batch_entries)
+            continue
+        batch_applied = 0
+        for i, entry in enumerate(batch_entries):
+            translation = translations.get(i)
+            if translation is None:
+                print(
+                    f"  WARNING: no translation returned for index {i} "
+                    f"(msgid: {entry.msgid[:60]!r})",
+                    file=sys.stderr,
+                )
+                failed_count += 1
+                continue
+            if dry_run:
+                ctx = batch_items[i]["context_count"]
+                ctx_tag = f" [ctx:{ctx}]" if ctx < 3 else ""
+                print(
+                    f"  [{lang}]{ctx_tag} {entry.msgid[:60]!r} → {translation[:60]!r}"
+                )
+            else:
+                _apply_translation(
+                    entry, translation, batch_items[i], model, mark_fuzzy
+                )
+                batch_applied += 1
+            translated_count += 1
+        if (
+            not dry_run
+            and batch_applied > 0
+            and cat is not None
+            and po_path is not None
+        ):
+            cat.save()
+            print(
+                f"  Saved {po_path} ({batch_applied} entry(ies) in this batch).",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+    return translated_count, failed_count
+
+
+def backfill(
+    lang: str,
+    *,
+    batch_size: int = DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+    limit: int | None = None,
+    min_context: int = 0,
+    model: str = DEFAULT_MODEL,
+    index_path: Path = DEFAULT_INDEX,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+    mark_fuzzy: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    """Backfill missing translations in the target language's .po file."""
+    po_path = TRANSLATIONS_DIR / lang / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po"
+    if not po_path.exists():
+        print(f"No .po file found for language '{lang}': {po_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if not index_path.exists():
+        print(
+            f"Translation index not found at {index_path}.\n"
+            "Run: python scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("Loading translation index …", file=sys.stderr)
+    with open(index_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        index: dict[str, Any] = json.load(f)
+
+    print(f"Loading {po_path} …", file=sys.stderr)
+    cat = polib.pofile(str(po_path))
+
+    missing: list[polib.POEntry] = [e for e in cat if e.msgid and _is_missing(e)]
+    print(f"Found {len(missing)} untranslated entries for '{lang}'.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    if min_context > 0:
+        before = len(missing)
+        missing = [
+            e
+            for e in missing
+            if _context_count(
+                {
+                    "index_key": (
+                        _plural_key(e.msgid, e.msgid_plural)
+                        if e.msgid_plural
+                        else e.msgid
+                    )
+                },
+                index,
+                lang,
+            )
+            >= min_context
+        ]
+        skipped = before - len(missing)
+        print(
+            f"Skipping {skipped} entries with fewer than {min_context} reference "
+            f"translation(s) (use --min-context 0 to include them).",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+
+    if limit is not None:
+        missing = missing[:limit]
+        print(f"Limiting to {limit} entries.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    if not missing:
+        print("Nothing to do.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return
+
+    translated_count, failed_count = _process_batches(
+        missing,
+        index,
+        lang,
+        batch_size,
+        model,
+        dry_run,
+        mark_fuzzy,
+        cat=cat,
+        po_path=po_path,
+    )
+
+    print(
+        f"\nDone. Translated: {translated_count}, Failed/skipped: {failed_count}.",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    if not dry_run and translated_count > 0:
+        print(
+            f"Translations written to {po_path} (marked #, fuzzy for review).",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Parse CLI arguments and run translation backfill."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Backfill missing .po translations using Claude AI",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=__doc__,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--lang", required=True, help="ISO language code (e.g. fr, de, ja)"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--batch-size",
+        type=int,
+        default=DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE,
+        help=f"Strings per Claude request (default: {DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE})",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--limit",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        help="Maximum number of entries to translate (default: unlimited)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--model",
+        default=DEFAULT_MODEL,
+        help=f"Claude model ID (default: {DEFAULT_MODEL})",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--index",
+        type=Path,
+        default=DEFAULT_INDEX,
+        help=f"Path to translation_index.json (default: {DEFAULT_INDEX})",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dry-run",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Print translations without modifying the .po file",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--min-context",
+        type=int,
+        default=0,
+        metavar="N",
+        help=(
+            "Skip entries with fewer than N reference translations in other languages "
+            "(default: 0 = translate everything). Strings with low context are more "
+            "likely to be ambiguous single words or fragments — set to e.g. 2 to only "
+            "translate strings that have been confirmed in at least 2 other languages."
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-fuzzy",
+        dest="mark_fuzzy",
+        action="store_false",
+        default=True,
+        help="Do not mark generated translations as #, fuzzy",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    backfill(
+        lang=args.lang,
+        batch_size=args.batch_size,
+        limit=args.limit,
+        min_context=args.min_context,
+        model=args.model,
+        index_path=args.index,
+        dry_run=args.dry_run,
+        mark_fuzzy=args.mark_fuzzy,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Build a cross-language translation index from all .po files.
+
+Outputs a JSON file structured as:
+  {
+    "<msgid>": {
+      "<lang>": "<translated string or null>",
+      ...
+    },
+    ...
+  }
+
+For plural entries the key is "<msgid>\x00<msgid_plural>" and the value
+is a dict mapping lang -> {0: "...", 1: "..."} (or null if untranslated).
+
+Usage:
+  python scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py
+  python scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py \
+    --translations-dir superset/translations \
+    --output /tmp/translation_index.json
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+try:
+    import polib  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+except ImportError:
+    print("polib is required. Install with: pip install polib", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+TRANSLATIONS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "superset" / "translations"
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT = (
+    Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+    / "superset"
+    / "translations"
+    / "translation_index.json"
+)
+
+
+def _is_translated(entry: polib.POEntry) -> bool:
+    """Return True if the entry has a non-empty, non-fuzzy translation."""
+    if "fuzzy" in entry.flags:
+        return False
+    if entry.msgid_plural:
+        return any(v for v in entry.msgstr_plural.values())
+    return bool(entry.msgstr)
+
+
+def _plural_key(entry: polib.POEntry) -> str:
+    """Build the combined key used for plural translation entries."""
+    return f"{entry.msgid}\x00{entry.msgid_plural}"
+
+
+def build_index(translations_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Read all .po files and build a combined translation index."""
+    index: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+
+    langs = sorted(
+        d
+        for d in os.listdir(translations_dir)
+        if (translations_dir / d / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po").exists()
+        and d != "en"  # en has empty msgstr by convention (source = target)
+    )
+
+    for lang in langs:
+        po_path = translations_dir / lang / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po"
+        cat = polib.pofile(str(po_path))
+        for entry in cat:
+            if not entry.msgid:
+                continue  # skip header entry
+
+            if entry.msgid_plural:
+                key = _plural_key(entry)
+                if key not in index:
+                    index[key] = {}
+                # Fuzzy entries are unreviewed (often machine-generated drafts),
+                # so excluding them prevents feeding unverified translations
+                # back into the AI backfill prompt as trusted context.
+                index[key][lang] = (
+                    dict(entry.msgstr_plural) if _is_translated(entry) else None
+                )
+            else:
+                key = entry.msgid
+                if key not in index:
+                    index[key] = {}
+                index[key][lang] = entry.msgstr if _is_translated(entry) else None
+
+    # Ensure every entry has a slot for every language (null if missing)
+    for key in index:
+        for lang in langs:
+            index[key].setdefault(lang, None)
+
+    return index
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Parse arguments, build the translation index, and write it to disk."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Build cross-language translation index"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--translations-dir",
+        type=Path,
+        default=TRANSLATIONS_DIR,
+        help="Path to the translations directory (default: superset/translations)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output",
+        "-o",
+        type=Path,
+        default=DEFAULT_OUTPUT,
+        help=(
+            "Output JSON file path"
+            " (default: superset/translations/translation_index.json)"
+        ),
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    print(f"Reading .po files from {args.translations_dir} …", file=sys.stderr)
+    index = build_index(args.translations_dir)
+    print(f"Indexed {len(index)} message IDs.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    args.output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(args.output, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(index, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    print(f"Written to {args.output}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

superset-frontend/package.json

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
     "build-instrumented": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production BABEL_ENV=instrumented webpack --mode=production --color",
     "build-storybook": "storybook build",
     "build-translation": "scripts/po2json.sh",
+    "translations:build-index": "python3 ../scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py",
+    "translations:backfill": "python3 ../scripts/translations/backfill_po.py",
     "bundle-stats": "cross-env BUNDLE_ANALYZER=true npm run build && npx open-cli ../superset/static/stats/statistics.html",
     "clear-npm": "mkdir -p /tmp/empty && rsync -a --delete /tmp/empty/ node_modules/ && rmdir node_modules /tmp/empty",
     "core:cover": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test NODE_OPTIONS=\"--max-old-space-size=4096\" jest --coverage --coverageThreshold='{\"global\":{\"statements\":100,\"branches\":100,\"functions\":100,\"lines\":100}}' --collectCoverageFrom='[\"packages/**/src/**/*.{js,ts}\", \"!packages/superset-core/**/*\"]' packages",
@@ -340,8 +342,8 @@
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.6.7",
     "http-server": "^14.1.1",
     "imports-loader": "^5.0.0",
-    "jest": "^30.4.2",
-    "jest-environment-jsdom": "^30.4.1",
+    "jest": "^30.3.0",
+    "jest-environment-jsdom": "^29.7.0",
     "jest-html-reporter": "^4.4.0",
     "jest-websocket-mock": "^2.5.0",
     "js-yaml-loader": "^1.2.2",
@@ -412,14 +414,7 @@
     "@luma.gl/gltf": "~9.2.5",
     "@luma.gl/shadertools": "~9.2.5",
     "@luma.gl/webgl": "~9.2.5",
-    "fast-xml-parser": "^5.8.0",
-    "jest-mock": "^30.4.0",
-    "jest-runtime": "^30.4.0",
-    "@jest/globals": "^30.4.0",
-    "@jest/types": "^30.4.0",
-    "jest-util": "^30.4.0",
-    "jest-circus": "^30.4.0",
-    "jest-environment-node": "^30.4.0"
+    "fast-xml-parser": "^5.8.0"
   },
   "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!",
   "scarfSettings": {

superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/src/components/DropdownContainer/DropdownContainer.test.tsx

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ test('accepts custom style props', () => {
   render(<DropdownContainer items={generateItems(2)} style={customStyle} />);
 
   const container = screen.getByTestId('container');
-  expect(container).toHaveStyle('background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+  expect(container).toHaveStyle('background-color: red');
   expect(container).toHaveStyle('padding: 10px');
 });
 

superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/test/connection/SupersetClientClass.test.ts

@@ -553,26 +553,22 @@ describe('SupersetClientClass', () => {
   });
 
   describe('when unauthorized', () => {
+    let originalLocation: any;
     let authSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
-    let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
-    let mockHrefValue: string;
     const mockRequestUrl = 'https://host/get/url';
     const mockRequestPath = '/get/url';
     const mockRequestSearch = '?param=1&param=2';
     const mockHref = mockRequestUrl + mockRequestSearch;
 
     beforeEach(() => {
-      mockHrefValue = mockHref;
-      locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
+      originalLocation = window.location;
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      delete window.location;
+      window.location = {
         pathname: mockRequestPath,
         search: mockRequestSearch,
-        get href() {
-          return mockHrefValue;
-        },
-        set href(v: string) {
-          mockHrefValue = v;
-        },
-      } as unknown as Location);
+        href: mockHref,
+      } as unknown as Location;
       authSpy = jest
         .spyOn(SupersetClientClass.prototype, 'ensureAuth')
         .mockImplementation();
@@ -582,7 +578,7 @@ describe('SupersetClientClass', () => {
 
     afterEach(() => {
       authSpy.mockReset();
-      locationSpy.mockRestore();
+      window.location = originalLocation;
     });
 
     test('should redirect', async () => {
@@ -603,17 +599,11 @@ describe('SupersetClientClass', () => {
     test('should not redirect again if already on login page', async () => {
       const client = new SupersetClientClass({});
 
-      mockHrefValue = '/login?next=something';
-      locationSpy.mockReturnValue({
-        get href() {
-          return mockHrefValue;
-        },
-        set href(v: string) {
-          mockHrefValue = v;
-        },
+      window.location = {
+        href: '/login?next=something',
         pathname: '/login',
         search: '?next=something',
-      } as unknown as Location);
+      } as unknown as Location;
 
       let error;
       try {

superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/test/connection/callApi/callApi.test.ts

@@ -360,26 +360,18 @@ describe('callApi()', () => {
   });
 
   describe('caching', () => {
-    let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
-    let mockProtocol = 'https:';
+    const origLocation = window.location;
 
     beforeAll(() => {
-      locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-        get protocol() {
-          return mockProtocol;
-        },
-        set protocol(v: string) {
-          mockProtocol = v;
-        },
-      } as Location);
+      Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', { value: {} });
     });
 
     afterAll(() => {
-      locationSpy.mockRestore();
+      Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', { value: origLocation });
     });
 
     beforeEach(async () => {
-      mockProtocol = 'https:';
+      window.location.protocol = 'https:';
       await caches.delete(constants.CACHE_KEY);
     });
 

superset-frontend/packages/superset-ui-core/test/dimension/svg/updateTextNode.test.ts

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe('updateTextNode(node, options)', () => {
   test('handles setting font', () => {
     const node = updateTextNode(createTextNode(), {
       style: {
-        font: 'italic 700 30px Lobster',
+        font: 'italic 30px Lobster 700',
       },
     });
     expect(node.getAttribute('class')).toEqual('');

superset-frontend/plugins/plugin-chart-table/test/TableChart.test.tsx

@@ -630,11 +630,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
         );
 
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render cell without color', () => {
@@ -671,14 +669,12 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 0.81)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 0.812)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('N/A')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          '',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('N/A')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('preserves muted null styling when no formatter resolves text color', () => {
@@ -1063,10 +1059,10 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
         );
 
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          '',
         );
       });
 
@@ -1094,11 +1090,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Maria')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with string column color formatter (operator containing)', () => {
@@ -1125,11 +1119,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with string column color formatter (operator not containing)', () => {
@@ -1156,10 +1148,10 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          '',
         );
       });
 
@@ -1187,10 +1179,10 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          '',
         );
       });
 
@@ -1217,13 +1209,13 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Joe')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Maria')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
       });
 
@@ -1251,11 +1243,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('true')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('false')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('false')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with boolean column color formatter (operator is false)', () => {
@@ -1282,11 +1272,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('false')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('true')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('true')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with boolean column color formatter (operator is null)', () => {
@@ -1313,14 +1301,10 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
           }),
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('N/A')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('true')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('false')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('true')).background).toBe('');
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('false')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with boolean column color formatter (operator is not null)', () => {
@@ -1349,14 +1333,12 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
         const trueElements = screen.getAllByText('true');
         const falseElements = screen.getAllByText('false');
         expect(getComputedStyle(trueElements[0]).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(falseElements[0]).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('N/A')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('N/A')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with column color formatter to entire row', () => {
@@ -1385,13 +1367,13 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
         );
 
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByText('Michael')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('0.123456')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
       });
 
@@ -1662,9 +1644,7 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
           'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
         );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
-        );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with useGradient true returns gradient color', () => {
@@ -1694,11 +1674,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
 
         // When useGradient is true, should return gradient color with opacity
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with useGradient undefined defaults to gradient (backward compatibility)', () => {
@@ -1727,11 +1705,9 @@ describe('plugin-chart-table', () => {
 
         // When useGradient is undefined, should default to gradient for backward compatibility
         expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467063')).background).toBe(
-          'rgb(172, 225, 196)',
-        );
-        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe(
-          'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
+          'rgba(172, 225, 196, 1)',
         );
+        expect(getComputedStyle(screen.getByTitle('2467')).background).toBe('');
       });
 
       test('render color with useGradient false and None operator returns solid color', () => {

superset-frontend/spec/helpers/jsDomWithFetchAPI.ts

@@ -19,38 +19,6 @@
 
 import JSDOMEnvironment from 'jest-environment-jsdom';
 
-// jest-environment-jsdom 30 bundles jsdom 26, which marks window.location as
-// [LegacyUnforgeable] (configurable: false). jest 30's spyOn now strictly
-// checks the configurable flag and throws when it's false, breaking every test
-// that uses jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').
-//
-// We intercept Object.defineProperties at module-load time (before any JSDOM
-// instance is created). The interceptor makes window.location configurable
-// every time jsdom creates a new Window, restoring the ability to spy on it.
-// This file is only required by Jest in the test environment so the
-// monkey-patch is safe.
-const _originalDefineProperties = Object.defineProperties.bind(Object);
-(Object as any).defineProperties = function (
-  obj: object,
-  props: PropertyDescriptorMap,
-) {
-  if (
-    props !== null &&
-    typeof props === 'object' &&
-    Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(props, 'location') &&
-    (props as any).location?.configurable === false
-  ) {
-    // Allow jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get') to work in tests by making
-    // the property configurable. This deviates from the browser spec's
-    // [LegacyUnforgeable] requirement but is acceptable in a test environment.
-    props = {
-      ...props,
-      location: { ...(props as any).location, configurable: true },
-    };
-  }
-  return _originalDefineProperties(obj, props);
-};
-
 // https://github.com/facebook/jest/blob/v29.4.3/website/versioned_docs/version-29.4/Configuration.md#testenvironment-string
 export default class FixJSDOMEnvironment extends JSDOMEnvironment {
   constructor(...args: ConstructorParameters<typeof JSDOMEnvironment>) {

superset-frontend/src/SqlLab/actions/sqlLab.test.ts

@@ -582,25 +582,16 @@ describe('async actions', () => {
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals -- TODO: Migrate from describe blocks
   describe('runQuery with query params', () => {
-    let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
+    const { location } = window;
 
     beforeAll(() => {
-      const u = new URL('http://localhost/sqllab/?foo=bar');
-      locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-        href: u.href,
-        pathname: u.pathname,
-        search: u.search,
-        hash: u.hash,
-        origin: u.origin,
-        host: u.host,
-        hostname: u.hostname,
-        port: u.port,
-        protocol: u.protocol,
-      } as Location);
+      delete (window as any).location;
+      (window as any).location = new URL('http://localhost/sqllab/?foo=bar');
     });
 
     afterAll(() => {
-      locationSpy.mockRestore();
+      delete (window as any).location;
+      window.location = location;
     });
 
     const makeRequest = () => {

superset-frontend/src/SqlLab/components/SqlEditorTopBar/useDatabaseSelector.test.ts

@@ -244,9 +244,11 @@ test('reads database from localStorage when URL has db param', () => {
 
   jest.spyOn(localStorageHelpers, 'getItem').mockReturnValue(localStorageDb);
 
-  const locationSpy = jest
-    .spyOn(window, 'location', 'get')
-    .mockReturnValue({ ...window.location, search: '?db=true' } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { search: '?db=true' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   const store = mockStore(createInitialState());
   const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
@@ -267,7 +269,10 @@ test('reads database from localStorage when URL has db param', () => {
     null,
   );
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+  });
 });
 
 test('returns null db when dbId does not exist in databases', () => {

superset-frontend/src/dashboard/components/menu/ShareMenuItems/ShareMenuItems.test.tsx

@@ -45,23 +45,15 @@ const createProps = () => ({
   submenuKey: 'share',
 });
 
-const postDashboardPermalinkMockUrl = `http://localhost/api/v1/dashboard/${DASHBOARD_ID}/permalink`;
+const originalLocation = window.location;
 
-let hrefValue = '';
-let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
+const postDashboardPermalinkMockUrl = `http://localhost/api/v1/dashboard/${DASHBOARD_ID}/permalink`;
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   jest.clearAllMocks();
-  hrefValue = '';
-  locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    get href() {
-      return hrefValue;
-    },
-    set href(v: string) {
-      hrefValue = v;
-    },
-  } as Location);
+  // @ts-expect-error
+  delete window.location;
+  window.location = { href: '' } as any;
   fetchMock.clearHistory().removeRoutes();
   fetchMock.post(
     postDashboardPermalinkMockUrl,
@@ -71,7 +63,7 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 afterEach(() => {
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  window.location = originalLocation;
   window.featureFlags = {};
   fetchMock.clearHistory().removeRoutes();
 });

superset-frontend/src/dashboard/util/extractUrlParams.test.ts

@@ -18,18 +18,19 @@
  */
 import extractUrlParams from './extractUrlParams';
 
+const originalWindowLocation = window.location;
+
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals -- TODO: Migrate from describe blocks
 describe('extractUrlParams', () => {
-  let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
-
   beforeAll(() => {
-    locationSpy = jest
-      .spyOn(window, 'location', 'get')
-      .mockReturnValue({ search: '?edit=true&abc=123' } as Location);
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    delete window.location;
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    window.location = { search: '?edit=true&abc=123' };
   });
 
   afterAll(() => {
-    locationSpy.mockRestore();
+    window.location = originalWindowLocation;
   });
 
   test('returns all urlParams', () => {

superset-frontend/src/dashboard/util/getDashboardUrl.test.ts

@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ describe('getChartIdsFromLayout', () => {
     },
   };
 
+  const globalLocation = window.location;
   afterEach(() => {
-    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    window.location = globalLocation;
   });
 
   test('should encode filters', () => {
@@ -92,11 +93,16 @@ describe('getChartIdsFromLayout', () => {
   });
 
   test('should preserve unknown filters', () => {
-    jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-      ...window.location,
-      origin: 'https://localhost',
-      search: '?unknown_param=value',
-    } as Location);
+    const windowSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'window', 'get');
+    windowSpy.mockImplementation(
+      () =>
+        ({
+          location: {
+            origin: 'https://localhost',
+            search: '?unknown_param=value',
+          },
+        }) as unknown as Window & typeof globalThis,
+    );
     const urlWithStandalone = getDashboardUrl({
       pathname: 'path',
       filters: {},
@@ -106,6 +112,7 @@ describe('getChartIdsFromLayout', () => {
     expect(urlWithStandalone).toBe(
       `path?unknown_param=value&standalone=${DashboardStandaloneMode.HideNav}`,
     );
+    windowSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 
   test('should pass through a router-relative pathname unchanged', () => {
@@ -115,18 +122,21 @@ describe('getChartIdsFromLayout', () => {
       hash: '',
       standalone: DashboardStandaloneMode.HideNav,
     });
-    expect(url).toBe(
-      `/dashboard/1/?standalone=${DashboardStandaloneMode.HideNav}`,
-    );
+    expect(url).toBe(`/dashboard/1/?standalone=${DashboardStandaloneMode.HideNav}`);
   });
 
   test('should process native filters key', () => {
-    jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-      ...window.location,
-      origin: 'https://localhost',
-      search:
-        '?preselect_filters=%7B%7D&native_filters_key=024380498jdkjf-2094838',
-    } as Location);
+    const windowSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'window', 'get');
+    windowSpy.mockImplementation(
+      () =>
+        ({
+          location: {
+            origin: 'https://localhost',
+            search:
+              '?preselect_filters=%7B%7D&native_filters_key=024380498jdkjf-2094838',
+          },
+        }) as unknown as Window & typeof globalThis,
+    );
 
     const urlWithNativeFilters = getDashboardUrl({
       pathname: 'path',
@@ -136,5 +146,6 @@ describe('getChartIdsFromLayout', () => {
     expect(urlWithNativeFilters).toBe(
       'path?preselect_filters=%7B%7D&native_filters_key=024380498jdkjf-2094838',
     );
+    windowSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 });

superset-frontend/src/explore/components/ExploreViewContainer/ExploreViewContainer.test.tsx

@@ -120,11 +120,6 @@ fetchMock.get('glob:*/api/v1/chart/*', {
 });
 
 const defaultPath = '/explore/';
-
-afterEach(() => {
-  jest.restoreAllMocks();
-});
-
 const renderWithRouter = ({
   search = '',
   overridePathname,
@@ -139,10 +134,11 @@ const renderWithRouter = ({
   history?: ReturnType<typeof createMemoryHistory>;
 } = {}) => {
   const path = overridePathname ?? defaultPath;
-  jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    pathname: path,
-    search,
-  } as Location);
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    get() {
+      return { pathname: path, search };
+    },
+  });
   const history =
     existingHistory ??
     createMemoryHistory({ initialEntries: [`${path}${search}`] });

superset-frontend/src/explore/components/controls/DatasourceControl/DatasourceControl.test.tsx

@@ -46,8 +46,14 @@ jest.mock('src/components/Datasource/components/DatasourceEditor', () => ({
     ),
 }));
 
+let originalLocation: Location;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  originalLocation = window.location;
+});
+
 afterEach(() => {
-  jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  window.location = originalLocation;
 
   try {
     const unmatched = fetchMock.callHistory.calls('unmatched');
@@ -533,10 +539,10 @@ test('should show missing params state', () => {
 });
 
 test('should show missing dataset state', () => {
-  jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?slice_id=152',
-  } as Location);
+  // @ts-expect-error - overriding window.location for test
+  delete window.location;
+  // @ts-expect-error - overriding window.location for test
+  window.location = { search: '?slice_id=152' };
   const props = createProps({ datasource: fallbackExploreInitialData.dataset });
   render(<DatasourceControl {...props} />, { useRedux: true, useRouter: true });
   expect(screen.getAllByText(/missing dataset/i)).toHaveLength(2);
@@ -548,10 +554,10 @@ test('should show missing dataset state', () => {
 });
 
 test('should show forbidden dataset state', () => {
-  jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?slice_id=152',
-  } as Location);
+  // @ts-expect-error - overriding window.location for test
+  delete window.location;
+  // @ts-expect-error - overriding window.location for test
+  window.location = { search: '?slice_id=152' };
   const error = {
     error_type: 'TABLE_SECURITY_ACCESS_ERROR',
     statusText: 'FORBIDDEN',

superset-frontend/src/explore/exploreUtils/getParsedExploreURLParams.test.ts

@@ -21,24 +21,10 @@ import { VizType } from '@superset-ui/core';
 import { getParsedExploreURLParams } from './getParsedExploreURLParams';
 
 const EXPLORE_BASE_URL = 'http://localhost:9000/explore/';
-
-afterEach(() => {
-  jest.restoreAllMocks();
-});
-
 const setupLocation = (newUrl: string) => {
-  const u = new URL(newUrl);
-  jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    href: u.href,
-    pathname: u.pathname,
-    search: u.search,
-    hash: u.hash,
-    origin: u.origin,
-    host: u.host,
-    hostname: u.hostname,
-    port: u.port,
-    protocol: u.protocol,
-  } as Location);
+  delete (window as any).location;
+  // @ts-expect-error
+  window.location = new URL(newUrl);
 };
 
 test('get form_data_key and slice_id from search params - url when moving from dashboard to explore', () => {

superset-frontend/src/features/home/DashboardTable.test.tsx

@@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ test('switches to Mine tab correctly', async () => {
 
 test('handles create dashboard button click', async () => {
   const assignMock = jest.fn();
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    assign: assignMock,
-  } as Location);
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { assign: assignMock },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   render(
     <Router history={history}>
@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ test('handles create dashboard button click', async () => {
   const createButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /dashboard$/i });
   await userEvent.click(createButton);
   expect(assignMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/dashboard/new');
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
 });
 
 test('switches to Other tab when available', async () => {

superset-frontend/src/middleware/logger.test.ts

@@ -99,10 +99,11 @@ describe('logger middleware', () => {
 
   test('should include ts, start_offset, event_name, impression_id, source, and source_id in every event', () => {
     // Set window.location to include /dashboard/ so the middleware adds dashboard context
-    const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-      ...window.location,
-      href: `http://localhost/dashboard/${dashboardId}/`,
-    } as Location);
+    const originalHref = window.location.href;
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+      value: { href: `http://localhost/dashboard/${dashboardId}/` },
+      writable: true,
+    });
 
     try {
       const fetchLog = (logger as Function)(mockStore)(next);
@@ -133,7 +134,11 @@ describe('logger middleware', () => {
       expect(typeof events[0].ts).toBe('number');
       expect(typeof events[0].start_offset).toBe('number');
     } finally {
-      locationSpy.mockRestore();
+      // Restore original location
+      Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+        value: { href: originalHref },
+        writable: true,
+      });
     }
   });
 

superset-frontend/src/pages/ChartCreation/ChartCreation.test.tsx

@@ -251,16 +251,23 @@ test('handles special characters in dataset name from URL parameter', async () =
     status: 200,
   });
 
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?dataset=flights%C3%86%20test',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: {
+      ...originalLocation,
+      search: '?dataset=flights%C3%86%20test',
+    },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   await renderComponent();
 
   expect(await screen.findByText('flightsÆ test')).toBeInTheDocument();
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+  });
 });
 
 test('pre-selects the dataset from URL parameter and shows it in dropdown', async () => {
@@ -281,16 +288,20 @@ test('pre-selects the dataset from URL parameter and shows it in dropdown', asyn
     status: 200,
   });
 
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?dataset=flights',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { ...originalLocation, search: '?dataset=flights' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   await renderComponent();
 
   expect(await screen.findByText('flights')).toBeInTheDocument();
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+  });
 });
 
 test('shows loading spinner when dataset parameter is present in URL', async () => {
@@ -318,10 +329,11 @@ test('shows loading spinner when dataset parameter is present in URL', async ()
     })),
   );
 
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?dataset=flights',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { ...originalLocation, search: '?dataset=flights' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   render(
     <ChartCreation
@@ -344,7 +356,10 @@ test('shows loading spinner when dataset parameter is present in URL', async ()
     expect(screen.queryByRole('status')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+  });
 });
 
 test('shows only exact match when loading dataset from URL, not partial matches', async () => {
@@ -391,15 +406,19 @@ test('shows only exact match when loading dataset from URL, not partial matches'
     };
   });
 
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?dataset=flights',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { ...originalLocation, search: '?dataset=flights' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   await renderComponent();
 
   await screen.findByText('flights');
   expect(screen.queryByText('flights_delayed')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+  });
 });

superset-frontend/src/pages/RedirectWarning/utils.test.ts

@@ -57,28 +57,28 @@ test('isAllowedScheme allows relative URLs (unparseable as absolute)', () => {
 });
 
 test('getTargetUrl reads the url query parameter', () => {
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    search: '?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fpage',
-  } as Location);
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { search: '?url=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fpage' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
   expect(getTargetUrl()).toBe('https://example.com/page');
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
 });
 
 test('getTargetUrl returns empty string when url param is missing', () => {
-  const locationSpy = jest
-    .spyOn(window, 'location', 'get')
-    .mockReturnValue({ search: '' } as Location);
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { search: '' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
   expect(getTargetUrl()).toBe('');
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
 });
 
 test('getTargetUrl does not double-decode percent-encoded values', () => {
   // %253A is the double-encoding of ":" — after one decode it should remain %3A
-  const locationSpy = jest
-    .spyOn(window, 'location', 'get')
-    .mockReturnValue({ search: '?url=javascript%253Aalert(1)' } as Location);
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { search: '?url=javascript%253Aalert(1)' },
+    writable: true,
+  });
   expect(getTargetUrl()).toBe('javascript%3Aalert(1)');
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
 });
 
 test('trustUrl stores and isUrlTrusted retrieves a URL', () => {

superset-frontend/src/utils/hostNamesConfig.test.ts

@@ -21,21 +21,18 @@ import { availableDomains, allowCrossDomain } from './hostNamesConfig';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-globals -- TODO: Migrate from describe blocks
 describe('hostNamesConfig', () => {
-  let locationSpy: jest.SpyInstance;
-
   beforeEach(() => {
     // Reset DOM
     document.body.innerHTML = '';
 
     // Mock window.location
-    locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-      hostname: 'localhost',
-      search: '',
-    } as Location);
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    locationSpy.mockRestore();
+    Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+      value: {
+        hostname: 'localhost',
+        search: '',
+      },
+      writable: true,
+    });
   });
 
   test('should export availableDomains as array of strings', () => {

superset-frontend/src/utils/urlUtils.test.ts

@@ -104,10 +104,15 @@ test('toQueryString should handle special characters in keys and values', () =>
 });
 
 test('getDashboardUrlParams should exclude edit parameter by default', () => {
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?edit=true&standalone=false&expand_filters=1',
-  } as Location);
+  // Mock window.location.search to include edit parameter
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: {
+      ...originalLocation,
+      search: '?edit=true&standalone=false&expand_filters=1',
+    },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   const urlParams = getDashboardUrlParams(['edit']);
   const paramNames = urlParams.map(([key]) => key);
@@ -116,14 +121,20 @@ test('getDashboardUrlParams should exclude edit parameter by default', () => {
   expect(paramNames).toContain('standalone');
   expect(paramNames).toContain('expand_filters');
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  // Restore original location
+  window.location = originalLocation;
 });
 
 test('getDashboardUrlParams should exclude multiple parameters when provided', () => {
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?edit=true&standalone=false&debug=true&test=value',
-  } as Location);
+  // Mock window.location.search with multiple parameters
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: {
+      ...originalLocation,
+      search: '?edit=true&standalone=false&debug=true&test=value',
+    },
+    writable: true,
+  });
 
   const urlParams = getDashboardUrlParams(['edit', 'debug']);
   const paramNames = urlParams.map(([key]) => key);
@@ -133,27 +144,36 @@ test('getDashboardUrlParams should exclude multiple parameters when provided', (
   expect(paramNames).toContain('standalone');
   expect(paramNames).toContain('test');
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  // Restore original location
+  window.location = originalLocation;
 });
 
 test('getUrlParam reads from window.location.search by default', () => {
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '?dashboard_page_id=from-window',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { ...originalLocation, search: '?dashboard_page_id=from-window' },
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
 
   expect(getUrlParam(URL_PARAMS.dashboardPageId)).toBe('from-window');
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
 });
 
 test('getUrlParam uses provided search string instead of window.location.search (Safari race condition fix)', () => {
   // Simulate Safari race condition: window.location.search is stale (empty),
   // but the correct search string is passed in from React Router's useLocation()
-  const locationSpy = jest.spyOn(window, 'location', 'get').mockReturnValue({
-    ...window.location,
-    search: '',
-  } as Location);
+  const originalLocation = window.location;
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: { ...originalLocation, search: '' },
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
 
   // Without the search override, window.location.search is stale — returns null (the bug)
   expect(getUrlParam(URL_PARAMS.dashboardPageId)).toBeNull();
@@ -163,5 +183,9 @@ test('getUrlParam uses provided search string instead of window.location.search
     getUrlParam(URL_PARAMS.dashboardPageId, '?dashboard_page_id=correct-id'),
   ).toBe('correct-id');
 
-  locationSpy.mockRestore();
+  Object.defineProperty(window, 'location', {
+    value: originalLocation,
+    writable: true,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
 });

superset/translations/requirements.txt

@@ -16,3 +16,4 @@
 # under the License.
 Babel==2.9.1
 jinja2==3.1.6
+polib>=1.2.0

tests/unit_tests/scripts/translations/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.

tests/unit_tests/scripts/translations/backfill_po_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Tests for ``scripts/translations/backfill_po.py``.
+
+The script is not installed as a package, so it is loaded via importlib from
+its filesystem path. The two units exercised here — ``parse_response`` and
+``_apply_translation`` — have enough edge cases (dict/list/scalar responses,
+plural vs singular entries, fuzzy flag, attribution comments) to be worth
+pinning against regressions.
+"""
+
+import importlib.util
+import json  # noqa: TID251 - testing a standalone script that uses stdlib json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import polib  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+import pytest
+
+_SCRIPT_PATH = (
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4] / "scripts" / "translations" / "backfill_po.py"
+)
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("backfill_po", _SCRIPT_PATH)
+assert _spec is not None, f"Could not load {_SCRIPT_PATH}"
+assert _spec.loader is not None, f"No loader on spec for {_SCRIPT_PATH}"
+backfill_po = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(backfill_po)
+
+
+def test_parse_response_singular_strings() -> None:
+    """A flat object of int-keyed strings is returned as-is."""
+    text = '{"0": "hola", "1": "mundo"}'
+    assert backfill_po.parse_response(text, batch_size=2) == {
+        0: "hola",
+        1: "mundo",
+    }
+
+
+def test_parse_response_strips_markdown_fences() -> None:
+    """Models sometimes wrap JSON in ```json fences; those must be stripped."""
+    text = '```json\n{"0": "hola"}\n```'
+    assert backfill_po.parse_response(text, batch_size=1) == {0: "hola"}
+
+
+def test_parse_response_preserves_plural_dict_as_json() -> None:
+    """
+    Plural entries arrive as nested dicts and must round-trip through
+    json.loads downstream — str(dict) would emit Python repr (single quotes)
+    and break parsing in _apply_translation. The serialized form must be
+    valid JSON.
+    """
+    text = '{"0": {"0": "manzana", "1": "manzanas"}}'
+    parsed = backfill_po.parse_response(text, batch_size=1)
+    assert set(parsed.keys()) == {0}
+    # Must be valid JSON (double-quoted), not Python repr (single-quoted).
+    assert json.loads(parsed[0]) == {"0": "manzana", "1": "manzanas"}
+
+
+def test_parse_response_preserves_non_ascii() -> None:
+    """ensure_ascii=False keeps non-ASCII characters readable in the .po file."""
+    text = '{"0": {"0": "日本語", "1": "日本語s"}}'
+    parsed = backfill_po.parse_response(text, batch_size=1)
+    assert "日本語" in parsed[0]
+
+
+def test_parse_response_skips_non_numeric_keys() -> None:
+    """Keys that are not numeric strings are silently skipped."""
+    text = '{"0": "ok", "comment": "ignored", "2": "kept"}'
+    assert backfill_po.parse_response(text, batch_size=3) == {
+        0: "ok",
+        2: "kept",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "raw",
+    ['["hola", "mundo"]', '"just a string"', "null", "42"],
+)
+def test_parse_response_rejects_non_object(raw: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Non-object JSON (list, string, null, number) must raise ValueError so
+    _process_batches catches it instead of crashing on AttributeError from
+    .items().
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Expected a JSON object"):
+        backfill_po.parse_response(raw, batch_size=1)
+
+
+def test_parse_response_rejects_invalid_json() -> None:
+    """Garbage input surfaces as ValueError, not the underlying JSONDecodeError."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Could not parse response as JSON"):
+        backfill_po.parse_response("not even close to json", batch_size=1)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _apply_translation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _make_singular_entry(msgid: str = "Hello") -> polib.POEntry:
+    return polib.POEntry(msgid=msgid, msgstr="")
+
+
+def _make_plural_entry(
+    msgid: str = "%(n)s apple",
+    msgid_plural: str = "%(n)s apples",
+) -> polib.POEntry:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid=msgid, msgid_plural=msgid_plural)
+    entry.msgstr_plural = {0: "", 1: ""}
+    return entry
+
+
+def _item(refs: list[str] | None = None) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    return {"context_langs": refs if refs is not None else ["fr", "de"]}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_singular_writes_msgstr_and_marks_fuzzy() -> None:
+    entry = _make_singular_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item(["fr", "de"]), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr == "Hola"
+    assert "fuzzy" in entry.flags
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_singular_no_fuzzy_when_disabled() -> None:
+    entry = _make_singular_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=False
+    )
+    assert "fuzzy" not in entry.flags
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_attribution_includes_refs() -> None:
+    entry = _make_singular_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item(["fr", "de"]), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert "Machine-translated via backfill_po.py (claude-test)" in entry.tcomment
+    assert "[refs: fr, de]" in entry.tcomment
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_attribution_marks_no_refs() -> None:
+    entry = _make_singular_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item([]), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert "[no refs]" in entry.tcomment
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_attribution_appended_not_duplicated() -> None:
+    """Re-running on an already-translated entry must not duplicate attribution."""
+    entry = _make_singular_entry()
+    entry.tcomment = "Existing maintainer note"
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item(["fr"]), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    # Existing comment preserved, attribution appended.
+    assert entry.tcomment.startswith("Existing maintainer note\n")
+    assert "Machine-translated via backfill_po.py" in entry.tcomment
+
+    # Apply again — attribution must not duplicate.
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "Hola", _item(["fr"]), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.tcomment.count("Machine-translated via backfill_po.py") == 1
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_dict_response() -> None:
+    """A JSON-dict response writes each plural form to msgstr_plural."""
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    translation = json.dumps({"0": "manzana", "1": "manzanas"})
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, translation, _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+    assert "fuzzy" in entry.flags
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_scalar_json_fills_all_forms() -> None:
+    """
+    A JSON-scalar response (e.g. ``"hola"``) is broadcast to every plural form.
+    This is the documented fallback when the model returns a single string for
+    a plural entry.
+    """
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, '"manzana"', _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzana"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_invalid_json_fills_all_forms() -> None:
+    """
+    A non-JSON string also broadcasts to every plural form (rather than
+    crashing). This handles older models that ignore the JSON instruction.
+    """
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "manzana", _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzana"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_round_trip_from_parse_response() -> None:
+    """
+    End-to-end guard: the JSON string produced by parse_response for a plural
+    entry must be consumable by _apply_translation without losing forms. This
+    is the regression that #39448 fixed (str(dict) → Python repr broke the
+    round-trip).
+    """
+    raw = '{"0": {"0": "manzana", "1": "manzanas"}}'
+    parsed = backfill_po.parse_response(raw, batch_size=1)
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, parsed[0], _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_list_response() -> None:
+    """
+    Models sometimes return a JSON array for plural forms (forms are ordered,
+    so a list is a valid representation). Each element must map to the
+    corresponding plural index. Without this branch, ``str(list)`` would emit
+    Python list-repr and broadcast it to every form — observed in the wild
+    on a fresh run for French.
+    """
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    translation = json.dumps(["manzana", "manzanas"])
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, translation, _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_list_round_trip_from_parse_response() -> None:
+    """
+    The list-of-forms response must also survive parse_response → _apply
+    round-trip. parse_response JSON-serializes lists; _apply_translation
+    must json.loads them back into a list and distribute across forms.
+    """
+    raw = '{"0": ["manzana", "manzanas"]}'
+    parsed = backfill_po.parse_response(raw, batch_size=1)
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, parsed[0], _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_list_shorter_repeats_last_form() -> None:
+    """
+    If the model returns fewer forms than the language requires, repeat the
+    last form rather than leaving slots empty (which would render as the
+    literal English msgid via gettext fallback).
+    """
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="apple", msgid_plural="apples")
+    entry.msgstr_plural = {0: "", 1: "", 2: ""}
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry,
+        json.dumps(["uno", "dos"]),
+        _item(),
+        model="claude-test",
+        mark_fuzzy=True,
+    )
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "uno", 1: "dos", 2: "dos"}
+
+
+def test_apply_translation_plural_empty_list_falls_back_to_string_broadcast() -> None:
+    """An empty JSON list isn't usable; fall back to writing the raw string."""
+    entry = _make_plural_entry()
+    backfill_po._apply_translation(
+        entry, "[]", _item(), model="claude-test", mark_fuzzy=True
+    )
+    # Falls into the JSONDecodeError/ValueError branch → broadcast raw string.
+    assert entry.msgstr_plural == {0: "[]", 1: "[]"}

tests/unit_tests/scripts/translations/build_translation_index_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+"""Tests for ``scripts/translations/build_translation_index.py``.
+
+The script is not installed as a package, so it is loaded via importlib
+from its filesystem path. The units exercised here pin the cross-language
+index shape that the AI backfill prompt depends on: fuzzy entries must be
+excluded (so unreviewed drafts don't feed back as trusted context), every
+entry must have a slot for every language (null when missing), and plural
+entries must be keyed by the ``msgid\\x00msgid_plural`` composite.
+"""
+
+import importlib.util
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import polib  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+import pytest
+
+_SCRIPT_PATH = (
+    Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4]
+    / "scripts"
+    / "translations"
+    / "build_translation_index.py"
+)
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("build_translation_index", _SCRIPT_PATH)
+assert _spec is not None, f"Could not load {_SCRIPT_PATH}"
+assert _spec.loader is not None, f"No loader on spec for {_SCRIPT_PATH}"
+build_translation_index = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(build_translation_index)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _is_translated
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_is_translated_empty_singular() -> None:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="")
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is False
+
+
+def test_is_translated_populated_singular() -> None:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Hola")
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is True
+
+
+def test_is_translated_fuzzy_entry_is_not_trusted() -> None:
+    """
+    Fuzzy entries are unreviewed (often AI-generated drafts). They must not
+    count as translated, or backfill runs will feed their own prior output
+    back into the prompt as trusted context.
+    """
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Hola", flags=["fuzzy"])
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is False
+
+
+def test_is_translated_plural_any_form_counts() -> None:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="apple", msgid_plural="apples")
+    entry.msgstr_plural = {0: "manzana", 1: ""}
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is True
+
+
+def test_is_translated_plural_all_empty() -> None:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="apple", msgid_plural="apples")
+    entry.msgstr_plural = {0: "", 1: ""}
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is False
+
+
+def test_is_translated_plural_fuzzy_is_not_trusted() -> None:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="apple", msgid_plural="apples", flags=["fuzzy"])
+    entry.msgstr_plural = {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+    assert build_translation_index._is_translated(entry) is False
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _plural_key
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_plural_key_uses_null_byte_separator() -> None:
+    """The composite key must use \\x00 so it cannot collide with any msgid."""
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid="apple", msgid_plural="apples")
+    assert build_translation_index._plural_key(entry) == "apple\x00apples"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# build_index
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _write_po(path: Path, entries: list[polib.POEntry]) -> None:
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    po = polib.POFile()
+    po.metadata = {
+        "Content-Type": "text/plain; charset=UTF-8",
+        "Content-Transfer-Encoding": "8bit",
+    }
+    for entry in entries:
+        po.append(entry)
+    po.save(str(path))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def translations_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """
+    Build a minimal translations directory with three languages:
+    - es: has "Hello" translated, "World" missing, plural translated
+    - fr: has "Hello" fuzzy (must be treated as missing), "World" translated
+    - en: source locale — must be excluded from the index
+    """
+    root = tmp_path / "translations"
+
+    _write_po(
+        root / "es" / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po",
+        [
+            polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Hola"),
+            polib.POEntry(msgid="World", msgstr=""),
+            _plural_entry("apple", "apples", {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}),
+        ],
+    )
+    _write_po(
+        root / "fr" / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po",
+        [
+            polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Bonjour", flags=["fuzzy"]),
+            polib.POEntry(msgid="World", msgstr="Monde"),
+            _plural_entry("apple", "apples", {0: "", 1: ""}),
+        ],
+    )
+    _write_po(
+        root / "en" / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po",
+        [polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="")],
+    )
+
+    return root
+
+
+def _plural_entry(
+    msgid: str, msgid_plural: str, plurals: dict[int, str]
+) -> polib.POEntry:
+    entry = polib.POEntry(msgid=msgid, msgid_plural=msgid_plural)
+    entry.msgstr_plural = plurals
+    return entry
+
+
+def test_build_index_excludes_en(translations_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """``en`` is the source locale and must never appear in the index."""
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    for value in index.values():
+        assert "en" not in value
+
+
+def test_build_index_records_singular_translations(translations_dir: Path) -> None:
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    assert index["Hello"]["es"] == "Hola"
+    assert index["World"]["fr"] == "Monde"
+
+
+def test_build_index_fuzzy_entries_become_null(translations_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """
+    Fuzzy translations must surface as null. If they leaked through as text,
+    they would (a) feed unreviewed AI output back into the backfill prompt
+    as trusted context, and (b) inflate the --min-context count past the
+    threshold of real reviewed translations.
+    """
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    assert index["Hello"]["fr"] is None
+
+
+def test_build_index_missing_translations_become_null(
+    translations_dir: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Empty msgstr → null (not empty string)."""
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    assert index["World"]["es"] is None
+
+
+def test_build_index_fills_every_language_slot(translations_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """
+    Every msgid must have a slot for every non-en language, even if that
+    language's .po file did not contain the entry. Defaults to null.
+    """
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    expected_langs = {"es", "fr"}
+    for key, value in index.items():
+        assert set(value.keys()) == expected_langs, (
+            f"{key!r} missing language slots: {set(value.keys())}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_build_index_plural_uses_composite_key(translations_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Plural entries must be keyed by ``msgid\\x00msgid_plural``."""
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    assert "apple\x00apples" in index
+    assert "apple" not in index  # not stored under bare msgid
+
+
+def test_build_index_plural_translated_stored_as_dict(
+    translations_dir: Path,
+) -> None:
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    plural = index["apple\x00apples"]
+    assert plural["es"] == {0: "manzana", 1: "manzanas"}
+
+
+def test_build_index_plural_untranslated_stored_as_null(
+    translations_dir: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Empty plural forms across the board → null, not an empty dict."""
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(translations_dir)
+    plural = index["apple\x00apples"]
+    assert plural["fr"] is None
+
+
+def test_build_index_skips_languages_without_messages_po(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """
+    A subdirectory that doesn't contain ``LC_MESSAGES/messages.po`` (e.g.
+    leftover scratch dirs, dotfiles) must not be picked up as a language.
+    """
+    root = tmp_path / "translations"
+    _write_po(
+        root / "es" / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po",
+        [polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Hola")],
+    )
+    (root / "scratch").mkdir()  # no LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
+    (root / ".DS_Store").touch()
+
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(root)
+    assert index == {"Hello": {"es": "Hola"}}
+
+
+def test_build_index_skips_header_entry(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """
+    The .po header entry has an empty msgid by convention. It must not be
+    included as a translation key.
+    """
+    root = tmp_path / "translations"
+    _write_po(
+        root / "es" / "LC_MESSAGES" / "messages.po",
+        [polib.POEntry(msgid="Hello", msgstr="Hola")],
+    )
+    index = build_translation_index.build_index(root)
+    assert "" not in index